mstpyhf; fUizAk; ,izapyhf; fpUigAk; cila my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy; (Jtq;Ffpd;Nwd;)

1. ty;yik kpf;ftDk; Ez;zwpthsDkhfpa my;yh`;tplkpUe;J ,t;Ntjk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

2-3 (egpNa)ehk; ,e;j Ntjj;ij ck;kPJ rj;jpaj;Jld; ,wf;fpapUf;fpd;Nwhk;. vdNt ePh; my;yh`;itNa topgLk;. jPid fpo;g;gbjiy mtDf;Nf chpj;jhf;fpa epiyapy; mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. Jha;ikahd fPo;g;gbjy; Kw;wpYk; my;yh`;Tf;Nf chpj;jhdjhFk;. vth;fs; mtid tpl;Ltpl;L NtW ghJfhth;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;fNsh mth;fs; (jk;Kila ,r;nraYf;F ,g;gbf; fhuzk; $Wfpwhh;fs;)vq;fSf;F my;yh`;tplj;jpy; mth;fs; neUf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpj; jUthh;fs; vd;gjw;fhfj; jhd; ehq;fs; mth;fis tzq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. vtw;wpy; mth;fs; fUj;J NtWghL nfhs;fpd;whh;fNsh mit midj;jpYk; jpz;zkhf my;yh`; mth;fspilNa jPh;g;gspg;ghd;. ngha;adhfTk; rj;jpaj;ij epuhfhpg;gtdhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; vtDf;Fk; my;yh`; Neh;top fhl;Ltjpy;iy.

4-6 my;yh`; vtiuNaDk; kfdhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;s ehbapUe;jhy; jd;Dila gilg;GfspypUe;J jhd; ehLgtiuj; Njh;e;njLj;jpUg;ghd;. mtd; ,jid(vtiuNaDk; jdf;F kfdhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;tij)tpl;Lj; Jha;ikahdtd;. mtd; jhd; my;yh`; jdpj;jtDk; ahtw;iwAk; mlf;fp Ms;gtDk; Mthd;. mtd; thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk; rj;jpaj;NjhL gilj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mtNd ,uitr; RUl;b gfiy tphpf;fpd;whd;. gfiyr; Rul;b ,uit tphpf;fpd;whd;. #hpaidAk;  re;jpuidAk; mtd; trg;gLj;jp itj;Js;shd;. xt;nthd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l xU fhyk; tiu ,aq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. mtd; typik kpf;ftDk; kd;dpj;J mUs;gtDkhthd;. MtNd cq;fis xNu caphpypUe;J mjd; Jizia cz;lhf;fpdhd;. mtNd cq;fSf;fhf vl;L fhy;eilfis ,izfhsfg; gilj;jhd;.¹ mtd; cq;fs; md;idahpd; tapw;wpy; %d;W ,Ul;jpiufspDs; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whf cq;fSf;F tbtk; nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;.² (,e;jf; fhhpaq;fs; nra;fpd;w) me;j my;yh`;jhd; cq;fs; ,iwtdhthd;. Ml;rpajpfhuk; mtDf;Nf chpaJ. tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtd; mtidj;jtpu NtW ahUk; ,y;iy. gpwF ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;J jpir jpUg;gg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wPH;fs;.

7. ePq;fs; epuhfhpg;gPh;fshapd; jpz;zkhf my;yh`; cq;fsplk; Njitaw;wtd;. Mdhy; mtd; jd; mbahh;fsplk; epuhfhpg;ig tpUk;Gtjpyiy. NkYk; ePq;fs; ed;wp nrYj;JtPh;fshapd; mjid mtd; cq;fsf;fhf tpUk;Gfpd;whd;. Rik Rkg;gth; vtUk; gpwhpd; Rikiar; Rkf;fkhl;lhh;. ,Wjpapy; cq;fs; ,iwtdpd; gf;fNk ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; jpUk;g Ntz;bAs;sJ. mg;nghOJ ePq;fs; vd;d nra;Jnghz;bUe;jPh;fs; vd;gij mtd; cq;fSf;F mwptpj;Jf; nfhLg;ghd;. jpz;zkhf mtd; cs;sq;fspd; epiyikfisAk; ed;fwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.

8-9 kdpjDf;F VNjDk; xU jPq;F te;Jtpl;lhy; mtd; jd; ,iwtdpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gp mtid miof;fpd;whd;. gpwF mtDila ,iwtd; mtd; kPJ jd; mUl;nfhilia toq;fpdhy; Kd;G ve;jj;Jd;gj;ij ePf;Fk;gb ,iwQ;rpf; nfhz;bUe;jhNdh me;jj; Jd;gj;ij mtd; kwe;JtpLfpd;whd;. NkYk; my;yh`;Tld; kw;wth;fis ,izahf;Ffpd;whd;. mtDila topia tpl;Lj; jtwr; nra;tjw;fhf(egpNa) me;j kdpjdplk; $Wk; eP cdJ epuhfhpg;gpd; %yk;  rpwpJ ehl;fs; ,d;gk; mDgtpj;Jf;nfhs;. jpz;zkhf eP eufj;jpw;Fr; nry;gtd; Mtha;. (,j;jifa kdpjdpd; elj;ij rpwe;jjh; my;yJ me;j kdpjdpd;  elj;ijah?) mtNdh fPo;g;gbe;jtdhapUf;fpd;whd;. ,uT Neuq;fspy; epd;W tzq;Ffpd;whd;. NkYk; ][;jh nra;fpd;whd;. kWikiaAk; mQ;Rfpd;whd;. NkYk; jd; ,iwtdpd; mUSf;F Mirg;Lfpd;whd;. ,th;fsplk; NfSk; mwpe;NjhUk; mwpahNjhUk; rkkhf KbAkh? mwpTilath;fs;jhk; ey;Yiufis Vw;fpd;whh;fs;.

10. (egpNa)$WtPuhf ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUf;fpd;w vd; mbahh;fNs cq;fSila ,iwtDf;F mQ;Rq;fs;. vth;fs; ,t;Tyfpy; ed;dlj;ijiaf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fNsh mth;fSf;F ed;ik ,Uf;fpwJ NkYk; my;yh`;tpd; g+kp tprhykhdJ³. nghWikahsh;fSf;F mth;fspd; $yp mstpd;wp toq;fg;gLk;.

11-18 (egpNa ,th;fsplk;)$Wk; jPid fPo;g;gbjiy my;yh`;Tf;Nf chpj;jhf;fp mtid tzq;Fk;gb jpz;zkhf vdf;Ff; fl;lisgplg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; ehNd vy;NyhUf;Fk; Kjypy; K];ypkhf (,iwtDf;F mbgzpe;jtdhf) ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd vdf;Fg; gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. $WtPuhf ehd; vd; ,iwtDf;f khW nra;jhy; xU kfj;jhd ehspd; Ntjidf;F ehd; mQ;Rfpd;Nwd;. $wptpLtPuhf. ehd; vd;dila jPid fPo;g;gbjiy my;yh`;Tf;F  Kw;wpYk; chpj;jhf;fpa tz;zk; mtidNa tzq;FNtd;. ePq;fs; mtid tpLj;J ahh; ahiunay;yhk; tpUk;GfpwPh;fNsh mth;fis tzq;fpf; nfhz;bUq;fs; $WtPuhf kWikehspy; ahh; jq;fisAk; jq;fs; FLk;gj;jhiuAk; ,og;gpw;Fs;shf;fpdhh;fNsh mth;fs; jhk; cz;ikapy; jpthy; Mdth;fs;. ed;F Nfl;Lf;nfhs;Sq;fs; ,Jjhd; mg;gl;lkhd jpthy; MFk;. mth;fs; kPJ neUg;Gf;Filfs; NkypUe;Jk; fPopUe;Jk; %bapUf;Fk;. ,j;jifa Kbitf; Fwpj;J jhd; my;yh`; jd; mbahh;fis mr;RWj;Jfpd;whd;. vdNt vd; mbahh;fNs vd; Nfhgj;jpypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy; (,jw;F khwhf)vth;fs; jh/$j;Jf;F<sup>3a</sup> mbgzptijj; jtph;j;Jf;nfhz;L my;yh`;tpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gptpl;lhh;fNsh mth;fSf;F ew;nra;jp ,Uf;fpwJ. vdNt (egpNa)nrhy;tij Mo;e;J ftdkhff; Nfl;L mtw;wpd; rpwe;j mk;rj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w vd; mbahh;fSf;F ePh; ew;nra;jp mwptpj;J tpLtPuhf ,j;jifath;fSf;Fj;jhd; my;yh`; Neh;top fhl;bapU;fpwhd;. mth;fNs tpNtfk; cilath;fshth;.

19-20 (egpNa)vtd; kPJ jz;lidf;fhd jPh;g;G cWjpahfptpl;lNjh mtid ahuhy; fhg;ghw;w KbAk;? neUg;gpy; tPo;e;J tpl;bUg;gtid ck;khy; fhg;ghw;w KbAkh vd;d? MapDk; vth;fs; jk; ,iwtDf;F mQ;rp tho;e;jhh;fNsh mth;fSf;F mLf;fLf;fhf fl;lg;gl;l cah;e;j khspiffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpd; fPNo MWfs; Xbf;nfhz;bf;Fk;. ,J my;yh`;tpd; thf;FWjpahFk;. my;yh`; xU NghJk; jd; thf;FWjpf;F khW nra;tjpy;iy.

21-22 ePq;fs; fhztpy;iyah vd;d? my;yh`; thdj;jpypUe;J ePiug; nghope;J mjid mUtpfshfTk; Cw;Wf;fshfTk; ejpfshfTk;<sup>4</sup> g+kpapy; Xlr; nra;jhd;. gpd;dh; me;j ePhpd; thapyhf gy;NtW gl;l gaph; tiffis tpjtpjkhd epwq;fspy; mtd; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;. gpwF me;jg; gaph;fs; Kjph;e;J fha;e;JtpLfpd;wd. mg;NghJ mit kQ;rspj;Jg; Nghtij ePh; fhz;fpwPh;. ,Wjpapy; my;yh`; mtw;iwg; gjuhf;fptpLfpd;whd;. cz;ikapy; tpNtfk; vtUila neQ;rj;ij my;yh`; ,];yhj;jpw;fhfj; jpwe;Jtpl;bUf;fpd;whNdh> NkYk; vth; jd;Dila ,iwtdplkpUe;J te;Js;s xspapy; ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whNuh(mth; ,tw;wpypUe;J ve;jg; gbg;gpidAk; ngwhj kdpjidg; Nghd;W Mf KbAkh?)my;yh`;tpd; ey;YiufSf;F vjpuhf vth;fSila cs;sk;  ,d;Dk; mjpfkhf ,Wfptpl;lNjh mth;fSf;Ff; NfLjhd; mj;jifath;fs; gfpuq;fkhd topNfl;by; tPo;e;J fplf;fpd;whh;fs;.

23-26 my;yh`; kpf mofpa ciufis ,wf;fpapUf;fpd;whd;. xU Ntjj;ij mjd; vy;yhg; gFjpfSk; xNu rPuhf cs;sd. NkYk; mjpy; fUj;Jf;fs; jpUk;gj; jpUk;gf; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. mjidr; nrtpAw;wTld; jk; ,iwtid mQ;Rgth;fspd; Nkdp rpyph;f;fpwJ. gpd;dh; mth;fspd; clYk; cs;sKk; kpUJthfp my;yh`;it epidT$h;tjw;F Mh;tk; nfhs;fpd;wd. ,J my;yh`;tpd; topfhl;LjyhFk;. mtd; jhd; ehLNthiu ,jidf; nfhz;L Nehpa topapy; nrYj;Jfpd;whd;. ,dp vtUf;F my;yh`;Nt Neh;top fhl;ltpy;iyNah mtUf;F Neh;top fhl;LNthh; NtW vtUk; ,yh;. ,dp kWik ehspy; Ntjidapd;  fLk; jhf;Fjiyj; jd; Kfj;jpy; jhq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba kdpjDila Nkhrkhd epiyiaf; Fwpj;J ePq;fs; vd;d fzpf;fpwPh;fs;? mg;gbg;gl;l nfhLikf;fhuh;fsplk; mg;nghOJ $wg;gLk;. ,g;NghJ RitAq;fs;. ePq;fs; rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtw;iw ,th;fSf;F Kd;Gk; gyh; ,Nj Nghd;W ngha;nad thjpl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,Wjpapy; mth;fs; epidj;Jk; ghh;j;jpuhj jpirapypUe;J mth;fs; kPJ Ntjid te;jJ. gpd;dh; my;yh`; cyf tho;tpNyNa ,optpid mth;fs; Ritf;fr; nra;jhd;. kWikapd; NtjidNah ,jidtplf; fLikahdjhFk;. me;Njh ,e;j kf;fs; mwpe;jpUe;jhy;.

27-35 ehk; ,e;jf; Fh;Mdpy; kf;fSf;F tpjtpjkhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis nfhLj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mth;fs; tpopg;gila Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ,J mugp nkhopapYs;s Fh;Md; ,jpy; vt;tpjf; NfhzYkpy;iy. jPafjpapypUe;J ,th;fs; jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf my;yh`; Xh; cjhuzk; nrhy;fpd;whd; xU kdpjd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; mtd; kPJ chpik nfhz;lhLtjpy; Jh;FzKila kdpjh;fs; gq;fhspfsha; cs;sdh;. mth;fs; xt;nthUtUk; mtidj; jj;jk; gf;fkhf ,Of;fpd;wdh;. kw;nwhU kdpjd; KOf;f KOf;f xNu chpikahsDf;Nf mbikahf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. vd;d ,t;tpUthpd; epiyAk; rkkhf KbAkh? my;`k;Jypy;yh`; vy;yhg;GfOk; ,iwtDf;Nf MapDk; kf;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; mwpahikapy; fplf;fpd;whh;fs;.<sup>5</sup> (egpNa)ePUk; kuzkhfj;jhd; NghfpwPh;. ,th;fSk; kuzkhff;$bath;fs; jhk;. gpwF kWikehspy; jpz;zkhf ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; cq;fs; ,iwtd; Kd;dpiyapy; jj;jk; thjq;fis vLj;Jitf;fg; NghfpwPh;fs;. vtd; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ ngha;Aiuj;jhNdh NkYk; cz;ik jd; vjphpy; te;jNghJ mjidAk; ngha;g;gLj;jpdhNdh mtidtplg; nghpa nfhLikf;fhud; ahh;? vd;d ,j;jifa ed;wp nfhd;wth;fSf;F eufpy; jq;Fkplk; vJTk; ,y;iyah? Mdhy; ve;j kdpjh; cz;ikiaf; nfhz;L te;jhNuh NkYk; vth;fs; mtiu cz;ikahsh; vd;W Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fNsh mg;gbg;gl;lth;fs; jhk; NtjidapypUe;J jg;gpf;ff;$bath;fs;. mth;fSf;F mth;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;wit midj;Jk; mth;fspd; ,iwtdplk; fpilf;Fk;. ed;ik nra;Nthhpd; $yp ,Jjhd; mth;fs; nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j kpfj; jPikahd nray;fis my;yh`; mth;fspd; fzf;fpypUe;J ePf;fptpl Ntz;Lk; NkYk; mth;fs; Mw;wp te;j kpfr; rpwe;j nray;fisf; ftdpj;J mth;fSf;Ff; $yp toq;fNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf.

36-41 (egpNa)my;yh`; jd; mbahDf;Fg; NghJkhdtdpy;iyah vd;d ,th;fs; mtdy;yhjth;fisf; nfhz;L cq;fis mr;RWj;Jfpwhh;fs;. cz;ik ahnjdpy; my;yh`; vtid topNfl;by; vtUkpyh;. NkYk; vtUf;F mtd; Neh;top fhl;Lfpd;whNdh mtiu topnfLg;gtDk; vtUkpyh;. NkYk; vtUf;F mtd; Neh;top fhl;Lfpd;whNdh mtiu topnfLg;gtDk; vtUkpy;iy. my;yh`; ty;yik kpf;ftdhfTk;  gopthq;FgtdhfTk; ,y;iyah vd;d thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk;  gilj;jJ ahh; vd;W ,th;fsplk; ePh; Nfl;lhy; my;yh`; vd;W ,th;fs; gjpYiug;ghh;fs;. (,th;fsplk;) NfSk; (cz;ik ,Jthapd;) my;yh`;it md;wp ePq;fs; miof;Fk; nja;tq;fisg; gw;wp ePq;fs; vd;d fUJfpd;wPH;fs; my;yh`; vdf;F VNjDk; jPq;F ,iof;f ehbdhy; me;jj; jPq;fpypUe;J vd;id mit fhg;ghw;wptpLkh? My;yJ my;yh`; vd; kPJ fUiz nghopa ehbdhy;  me;jj; nja;tq;fshy; mtDila fUiziaj; jLj;J epWj;j KbAkh (rhp ,th;fsplk; )$wptpLk; vdf;F my;yh`;Nt NghJkhdtd;. rhh;e;jpUg;gth;fs; midtUk; mtidNa KOikahfr; rhh;e;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;.(,th;fsplk; njspthff;)$Wk; vd; r%fj;jhNu ePq;fs; cq;fs; Nghf;fpy; nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUq;fs;. ehd; (vd;Dila)gzpiar; nra;J nfhz;bUg;Ngd;. ,opT jUk; Ntjid ahUf;F tUk; ePq;fhj jz;lid ahh; kPJ ,wq;Fk; vd;gJ cq;fSf;F tpiutpy; njhpe;J tpLk;. (egpNa) ehk; kdpjh;fs; midtUf;fhfTk; rj;jpaj;Jldhd ,e;j Ntjj;ij ck; kPJ ,wf;fpapUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,dp ahNuDk; Nehpa topapy; ele;jhy; mJ mtUf;Nf ed;ik jUk;. ahNuDk; top jtwpdhy; top jtwpajd; jPatpisT mtiuNa rhUk;. ePh;  mth;fSf;Fg; nghWg;ghsh; my;yh;.

42-44 my;yh`;jhd; kuzj;jpd; NghJ caph;fisf; ifg;gw;Wfpd;whd;. (mt;thNw),Jtiu kuzpf;fhjth;fspd; caph;fisj; Jhf;fj;jpd;NghJ ifg;gw;Wfpd;whd;. gpwF vth;fs; kPJ kuzj;ij tpjpf;fpd;whNdh mth;fspd; capiuj; jLj;J itj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;whd;. kw;wth;fspd; caph;fis xU Fwpg;gpl;l jtiz tiu jpUg;gp mDg;Gfpd;whd;. rpe;jpf;ff;$ba kf;fSf;F  ,jpy; khngUk; rhd;Wfs; cs;sd. vd;d ,th;fs; ,j;jifa ,iwtid tpl;Ltpl;L kw;wth;fisg; ghpe;Jiuahsh;fshf vLJ;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fsh<sup>6</sup> mth;fsplk; NfSk; mth;fsplk; ve;j mjpfhuKk; ,y;iy vd;whYk; mth;fs; vijAk; GhpahkypUe;jhYkh ghpe;Jiu Kw;wpYk; my;yh`;tpd; mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ.⁷ thdq;fs; kw;Wk; g+kpapd; Ml;rpf;F mtNd chpikahsd;. gpwF ePq;fs; mtdplNk jpUk;gf; n;fhz;L nry;yg;gLtPh;fs;.

45-48 my;yh`;itg; gw;wpf; $wg;gLkhapd; kWikapd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjth;fspd; cs;sq;fs; Fika Muk;gpf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; mtid tpLj;J kw;wth;fisg; gw;wpf; $wg;gLkhapd; clNd mth;fs; kfpo;r;rpapdhy; g+hpg;gilfpd;whh;fs;.<sup>8</sup> ePh; $Wk; ,iwtNd thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk; gilj;jtNd kiwthdtw;iwAk; ntspg;gilahdtw;iwAk; mwpgtNd ePNa cd;Dila mbikfSf;fpilNa mth;fs; fUj;J NtWghL nfhz;bUf;fpd;w tp\aq;fspy; jPh;g;G toq;Ftha;. ,e;jf; nfhLikf;fhuh;fsplk; g+kpapYs;s midj;Jr; nry;tq;fSk; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; mtw;Wld; ,d;Dk; mNj msT nry;tk; ,Ue;jhYk; kWikehspy; nfhba jz;lidapypUe;J jg;Gtjw;fhf mit midj;ijAk; <lhff;nfhLj;jpl mth;fs; jahuhfptpLthh;fs;. mth;fs; vd;WNk epidj;J$lg; ghh;f;fhjit mq;F my;yh`;tplkpUe;J mth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ntspg;gLk;. mth;fSila rk;ghjidapd; jPatpisTfs; midj;Jk; (mq;F)mth;fSf;F ntspg;gl;LtpLk;.NkYk; mth;fs; vjidg; ghpfhrk; nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;whh;fNsh mJ mth;fis Koikahfr; #o;e;J nfhs;Sk;.

49-52 ,Nj kdpjid;f nfhQ;rk; Jd;gk; njhl;Ltpl;lhy; mtd; ek;ik miof;fpd;whd;. gpwF ehk; mtDf;F ek; rhh;gpypUe;J mUl;nfhilia msp(j;J kfpo;tp)f;Fk; NghJ ,J vdf;F vd;Dila mwptpd; mbg;gilapy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;W $Wfpd;whd;. cz;ikapy; ,J xU NrhjidahFk;. Mdhy; ,th;fspy; ngUk; ghNyhh; mwptjpy;iy. ,th;fSf;F Kd;G tho;e;J nrd;wth;fSk; ,ijNa  $wpdhh;fs;. MapDk; mth;fs; rk;ghjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jit  mth;fSf;F vt;tpjg; gyidAk; mspf;ftpy;iy. gpd;dh; jq;fSila rk;ghj;jpaj;jd; jPatpisTfs; mth;fisg; gPbj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;. NkYk; mth;fspy; ahh; nfhLik Ghpe;jhh;fNsh mth;fisAk; mth;fSila  rk;ghj;jpaj;jpd; jPatpisTfs; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. mth;fs; jk;ikj; Njhy;tpAwr; nra;af;$bath;fsy;yh;. my;yh`; jhd; ehLfpd;wh;fSf;Fj; jhuhskhf tho;thjhuk; toq;Ffpd;whd;. NkYk; jhd; ehLfpd;wth;f;Ff; Fiwthff; nfhLf;fpd;whd; vd;gij ,th;fs; mwpatpy;iyah? ,jpy; rhd;Wfs; cs;sd ek;gpf;if nfhs;Sk; kf;fSf;F.

53-61 (egpNa)$WtPuhf jq;fs; Md;khf;fSf;Ff; nfhLik ,ioj;Jf; nfhz;l vd; mbikfNs⁹ my;yh`;tpd; fUiz gw;wp ekgpf;if ,oe;JtplhjPh;fs;. jpz;zkhf my;yh`; vy;yhg; ghtq;fisAk; kd;dpj;J tpLfpd;whd;. mtd; nghpJk; kd;dpg;gtDk; fUizahsDk; Mthd;. jpUk;gptpLq;fs;. cq;fs; ,iwtdpd; gf;fk; NkYk; mbgzpe;J tpLq;fs; mtDf;F cq;fs; kPJ Ntjid tUtjw;F Kd;ghfNt gpwF vq;fpUe;Jk; cq;fSf;F cjtp fpilf;fhJ. cq;fs; ,iwtdplkpUe;J cq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;l Ntjj;jpd; rpwe;j mk;rj;ijg;¹⁰ gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. ePq;fs; czuhjpUf;Fk; epiyapy; jpBnud cq;fSf;F Ntjid tUtjw;F Kd;djhf. ,dp IaNfh my;yh`;tpd; tp\aj;jpy; ehd; FiwghL nra;Jtpl;NlNd. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp ehd; ghpfhrk; nra;jth;fSlDk; Nrh;e;Jtpl;NlNd vd;W Gyk;gf; $ba my;yJ. my;yh`; vdf;F Neh;top fhl;bapUe;jhy; ehDk; ,iwar;rKs;sth;fspy; xUtdhf ,Ue;jpUg;NgNd vd;W Gyk;gf;$ba my;yJ Ntjidiag; ghh;f;Fk; Neuj;jpy; me;Njh kw;nwhU re;jh;g;gk; vdf;Ff; fpilj;jhy; ehDk; ew;nray; GhpNthh;fspy; xUtdha; MfptpLNtNd vd;W Gyk;gf;$ba epiy ve;j xU kdpjDf;Fk; Vw;gl;Ltplf; $lhJ. (mg;nghOJ mtDf;F ,e;jg; gjpy; fpilf;Fk;)mt;thwy;y vd;Dila trdq;fs; cd;dplk; te;jpUe;jd my;yth mtw;iw eP ngha; vd;W $wpdha; NkYk; jw;ngUik nfhz;lha; epuhfhpg;gth;fspy; xUtdhfTk; ,Ue;jha; (,d;W) vth;fs; ,iwtd; kPJ ngha; Gide;Jiuf;fpd;whh;fNsh mth;fspd; Kfq;fs; kWikehspy; fWj;Jg; NghapUg;gij ePh; fhz;gPh. NgUikabj;jthf;Sf;F eufk; Nghjpa jq;Fkplkhf ,y;iyah vd;d (,jw;F khwhf) vth;fs; ,q;F ,iwar;rk; nfhz;L tho;fpd;whh;fNsh mjd; tpistha; mth;fSf;Ff; fpilj;j ntw;wp tha;g;Gfs; epkpj;jk; mth;fSf;F my;yh`; <Nlw;wk; mspg;ghd;. mth;fis ve;jj; jPq;Fk; mZfhJ. mth;fs; Jaug;glTk; khl;lhh;fs;.

62-66 my;yh`; midj;Jg; nghUs;fisAk; gilj;jtdhthd;. mtNd xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk; nghWg;ghsdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. thdq;fs; kw;Wk; g+kpad; fUt+yq;fSila jpwTNfhy;fs; mtdplNk epuhfhpf;fpd;whh;fNsh mth;fs; jhk; ,og;Gf;Fhpath;fs;. (egpNa),th;fsplk;  $WtPuhf mwptpypfNs my;yh`;it tpl;Ltpl;L kw;wth;fis ehd; tzq;f Ntz;Lnkd;W vd;dplk; ePq;fs; $Wfpd;wPh;fsh? (ePh; ,t;tp\aj;ij ,th;fSf;Fj; njspTglf;$wptpl Ntz;Lk;) ckf;Fk; ckf;F Kd; tho;e;J nrd;w midj;J egpkhh;fSf;Fk; ,t;thW t`p mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. ePh; ,iwtDf;F ,izitj;jhy; ck;Kila nray; tPzhfpg; Ngha;tpLk;. ePh; epr;rakhf e\;lkile;jtuhfp tpLtPh;. vdNt (egpNa)ePh; my;yh`;Tf;F kl;Lk; mbgzptPuhf NkYk; ed;wp nrYj;Jk; mbahh;fSld; MfptpLtPuhf.

67-70 ,e;j kf;fs; my;yh`;it vt;thW kjpf;f Ntz;LNkh mt;thW kjpf;fNtapy;iy.(mtDila epiwthd ty;yikapd; epiy vd;dntdpy;)kWikehspy; g+kp KOtJk; mtdpd; ifg;gpbapy; ,Uf;Fk;. NkYk; thdq;fs; mtDila tyf;fuj;jpy; RUl;lg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;.<sup>11</sup> mtd; Jha;ikahdtd; cah;e;jtd; ,k;kdpjh;fs; nra;Ak; ,izitg;Gr; nray;fis tpl;L NkYk; me;ehspy; vf;fhsk; Cjg;gLk;. mg;NghJ thdq;fspYk; g+kpaYk; cs;s midtUk; kbe;J tPo;thh;fs;. Mdhy; my;yh`; ahiu capUld; tpl;L itf;f ehbapUe;jhNdh mth;fisj; jtpu gpd;dh; kw;nwhU vf;fhsk; Cjg;gLk;.

71-72 (,e;jj; jPh;g;Gf;Fg; gpwF)epuhfhpj;jth;fsha; ,Ue;jth;fs; eufj;ij Nehf;fpf; $l;lk; $l;lkha; Xl;br; nry;yg;gLthh;fs;. mt;thwhf mth;fs; me;eufj;ij neUq;fpaJk; mjd; thapy;fs; jpwf;fg;gLk;. NkYk; mjd; fhtyh;fs; mth;fsplk; Nfl;ghh;fs;. cq;fSila ,iwtdpd; trdq;fis cq;fSf;F Xjpf;fhl;lf; $bath;fSk; ePq;fs; ,e;j ehisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;ba xU Neuk; tUk; vd;W cq;fis vr;rhpf;if nra;af;$bath;fSkhd ,iwj;Jhjh;fs; cq;fspypUe;Nj cq;fsplk;  tutpy;iyah mjw;fth;fs; Mk; te;jpUe;jhh;fs;. MapDk; Ntjidapd; jPh;g;G epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; kPJ cWjpahfptpl;lJ vd;W  gjpyspg;ghh;fs; mg;NghJ $wg;gLk; EioAq;fs; eufj;jpd; thapy;fspy; ePq;fs; vd;nwd;Wk; ,q;Fj;jhd; fplf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ ngUikabg;gth;fSf;F ,J vj;Jizf; nfl;l jq;FkplkhFk;.

73-74 NkYk; vth;fs; jk; ,iwtDf;F khW nra;tijj; jtph;j;J tho;e;jhh;fNsh mth;fs; Rtdj;ij Nehf;fpf; $l;lk; $l;lkha;f; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLthh;fs;. mt;thW mth;fs; mjid neUq;fpaJk; mjd; thapy;fs; Kd;dNu jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;f mjd; fhtyh;fs; mth;fsplk; $Wthh;fs; cq;fs; kPJ ]yhk; rhe;jp cz;lhfl;Lk; ePq;fs; ey;y tpjkhf ,Uq;fs;. vd;nwd;Wk; jq;fpapUg;gjw;fhf ,jpy; Eioe;J tpLq;fs;. mg;NghJ mth;fs; $Wthh;fs; ,iwtDf;Nf Gfo; midj;Jk; mtd; vq;fsplk; jd; thf;Fwjpia cz;ikg;gLj;jpf; fhl;bdhd;. ,dp ehq;fs; Rtdj;jpy; tpUk;Gfpd;w ,lj;jpy; jq;fpf; nfhs;syhk;. Mfh vj;jid rpwe;j $yp ,Uf;fpwJ. nray;glf;$bath;fSf;F.

75 NkYk; ePh; fhz;gPh; mh;i\r;^11a #o;e;j tz;zk; thdth;fs; jk; ,iwtidg; Gfo;e;J Jjp nra;J nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs;. NkYk; kf;fspilNa Kw;wpYk; epahakhd tifapy; jPh;g;G toq;fg;gl;LtpLk;. Gfo; midj;Jk; mfpyj;jhh; midtiuAk; ghpghypf;fpd;w my;yh`;Tf;Nf.

1. fhy;eilfs; vd;gJ xl;lfk; gR nrk;kwp ML nts;shL Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; ,tw;wpd; ehd;F Mzpdk; ehd;F ngz;zpdk; N[hb Nrh;e;J vl;L cUg;gbfs; Mfpd;wd.

2. %d;W ,Ul;jpiufs; vd;gJ tapW fh;g;gg;ig Foe;ijiar; Rw;wpg; Nghh;j;jpapUf;Fk; [t;T Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;

3. mjhtJ Xh; Ch; my;yJ gFjp my;yJ ehL VNjDk; xd;W ,iwtid mbgzpe;J tho;NthUf;F neUf;fbahfptpLkhdhy; ,j;jifa rpukq;fs; vJTkpy;yhj NtW ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;WtpLq;fs;.

3a mj;jpahak; 2> mbf;Fwpg;G vz; 90 ghh;f;f

4. %yj;jpy; adhgPm vDk; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. nkhopngah;g;gpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s Kg;nghUspidAk; cs;slf;fpa xU nrhy;yhFk; ,J.

5. Xh; chpikahsDf;F mbikg;gLtJ gy chpikahsh;fSf;F mbikg;gLtJ Mfpa ,t;tpuz;bw;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s NtWghl;bid ed;F Ghpe;Jnfhs;fpd;whh;fNsh MapDk; Xh; ,iwtDf;F mbikg;gLtJ gy flTs;fSf;F mbikg;gLtJ Mfpatw;Wf;fpilNaAs;s NtWghl;bid czh;j;j Kw;gl;lhy; mwptpypfshfp tpLfpd;wdh;.

6. mjhtJ rpyUila Msikfs; my;yh`;tplk; ngUk; nry;thf;Filait vd;Wk; mtw;wpd; ghpe;Jiufs; vt;tpjj;jpYk; js;sg;glKbahJ vd;Wk; mth;f;s; jhkhfNt fw;gid nra;J itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. cz;ikapy; mitnay;yhk; ghpe;Jiuahsh;fs;jhk; vdgjw;F vt;tpj MjhuKkpy;iy. mtw;wpw;Fj; jd;dplk; ,d;d gjtp ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W my;yh`; xU NghJk; $wplTk; ,y;iy. my;yJ ehq;fs; vq;fSila Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;jp cq;fSila midj;Jf; fhhpaq;fisAk; Kbj;Jf; nfhLg;Nghk; vd;W me;j MSikfs; $wplTkpy;iy. ,it vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl mth;fs; nra;Ak; mwptPdkpf;f nray; cz;ikahd v[khdid tpl;Ltpl;L me;jg; Nghypg; ghpe;Jiuahsh;fshNyNa vy;yhk; elf;fpwJ vd;W fUjpf; nfhz;bUg;gNj NkYk; jq;fspd; topghLfs; mh;g;gzpg;Gfs; midj;ijAk; mth;fSf;Nf chpj;jiditahf;fp tpLfpd;whh;fs;.

7. my;yh`;tpd; re;epjhdj;jpy; ghpe;Jiug;gjw;fhf Kd;tUtjw;Nf vtUf;Fk; Mw;wypy;yhj NghJ jd;Dila ghpe;Jiuia Vw;f itf;Fk; Mw;wy; vtUf;F vq;fpUe;J tUk; my;yh`; ahUf;F ehLfpd;whNdh mtDf;fhf kw;nwhUtidr; rpghhpR nra;a mDkjpg;gJk; my;yJ mDkjpf;fhky; ,Ug;gJk; vy;yhNk mtd; mjpfhuj;jpw;F cl;gl;ljhFk;.

8. ,J fpl;lj;jl;l ,izitg;gjpy; Mh;tk; nfhz;l midj;J kf;fspilNaAk; fhzg;gLk; nghJ mk;rkhFk;. Vd; Jujph;\;ltrkhf K];ypk;fspy; ahh; ahiu ,e;j Neha; njhw;wpf;nfhz;lNjh mth;fsplKk; ,e;jf; Fiw fhzg;gLfpwJ. ehq;fs; my;yh`;it Vw;W;fnfhs;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W thastpy; $Wfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy; Vf ,iwtdpd; ngah; cr;rhpf;fg;gl;lhy; mth;fSila Kfk; Rz;btpLfpd;wJ. mg;NghJ mth;fs; nrhy;fpd;whh;fs;. ,iwNerh;fisAk; (mt;ypahf;fs;)nghpNahh;fisAk; ,th; ek;Gtjpy;iy. mjdhy; jhd; my;yh`; my;yh`; vd;W kl;LNk $Wfpd;whh;. kw;wth;fisg; gw;wp nrhy;yg;gl;lhy; mth;fSila cs;sq;fs; kyh;e;J Kfq;fs; nghypTw;Wj; jpfo Muk;gpf;fpd;wd.

9. ,e;jr; nrhw;fSf;Fr; rpyh; ,g;gbg; Gjikahd tpsf;fk; fw;gpf;fpwhh;fs; my;yh`; egp (]y;)mth;fsplk; vd; mbikfNs vd;W kf;fis mioj;J ciuahw;WtPuhf vd;W fl;lisapl;Ls;shd;. Mjyhy; vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; egp(]y;)mth;fspd; mbikfs; jhk;. cz;ikapy; ,jid xU tpsf;fk; vd;Nw $wKbahJ. khwhf Fh;Mdpd; mh;j;jj;ijNa gLNkhrkhd Kiwapy; Gul;LtJ ,iwtrdq;fNshL tpisahLtJ vd;W jhd; ,jw;Fr; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa tpsf;fnky;yhk; rhp vd;W Mfptpl;lhy; gpwF Fh;Md; KOtJNk jtwhfptpLk;. Vnddpy; Fh;Md; Muk;g Kjy; filrp tiu kdpjh;fis my;yh`;tpd; mbik vd;W kl;LNk $Wfpd;wJ. NkYk; Xh; ,iwtidj; jtpu NtW ahiuAk; tzq;fNth vtUf;Fk; fPo;g;gbaNth $lhJ vd;gJ jhd; mjd; KO miog;ghFk;.

10. ,iwNtjj;jpd; rpwg;Gw;w mk;rj;ijg; gpd;gw;WtJ vd;gjd; fUj;J my;yh`; vg;gzpfisr; nra;AkhW fl;lisapl;Ls;shNdh mtw;iw kdpjd; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vf;fhhpaq;fisr; nra;af;$lhJ vd;W jLj;Js;shNdh mtw;iw tpl;L mtd; tpyfptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ctikfs; kw;Wk; tuyhWfs; thapyf my;yh`; mwpTWjjpatw;wpy; ,Ue;J gbg;gpidAk; cgNjrKk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F khwhf vtd; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisiag; Gwf;fzpf;fpd;whNdh mtdhy; tpyf;fgl;litfisr; nra;fpd;whNdh my;yh`;tpd; ey;YiuapypUe;J vt;tpjg; gaDk; ngwtpy;iyNah mtd; ,iwNtjj;jpd; jPa mk;rj;ijjf; filg;gpbj;jtdhfpd;whd;. mjhtJ vjid my;yh`;tpd; Ntjk; kpf Nkhrkhdnjd;W mwpTWj;jpapUf;fpd;wNjh me;j mk;rj;ij Nkw;nfhz;ltd; Mfpd;whd;.

11. g+kpapYk; thdj;jpYk; my;yh`;tpd; KO mjpfhuj;ijAk; mjid mtd; gad;gLj;Jk; epiyiaAk; fhl;Ltjw;fhf ifg;gpbapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ifapy; Rul;lg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gd cUtfkhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. xU kdpjd; jd; ifapy; rpwpanjhU ge;ij mKf;fpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;tJ ve;j msTf;Fr; rhjhuzkhd tp\aNkh my;yJ xUtd; jd; iff;Fl;iliaf; ifapy; RUl;bg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vt;tsT rpukkw;w nraNyh mJNghy; kWikehspy;(,d;W my;yh`;tpd; kfpikiaAk; ngUikiaAk; kjpg;gpl Kbahj)midj;J kf;fSk; my;yh`;tpd; typik kpf;f fuj;jpy; g+kpAk; thdKk; rhjhuz ge;ijg; Nghd;Wk; mw;gkhd if;Fil;iliag; Nghd;Wk; ,Ug;gijf; fz;$lha;g; ghh;g;ghh;fs;.

11a fiyr;nrhy; mfuhjp ghh;f;f