tFg;GthjKk; (fk;A+dyp]k;) XH murpay; Neha;. gpw Neha; ek; clypd; MNuhf;fpaj;ij rpijg;gJ Nghy; tFg;Gthjk; ek; murpay; mikg;ig jPtpukhf jhf;fp rpijf;fpwJ.

Mq;fpy mfuhjp 'fk;A+dyp]k;" vd;gjw;F NeHkiwahd nghUisj; jUfpwJ. Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfspYk; fk;A+dyp]k; vd;w nrhy; NeHkiwahd nghUspypNyNa gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. xt;nthU r%fj;jpdUk; jq;fsJ nrhe;j r%fj;jpd; eyDf;fhfg; ghLgLtJ fk;A+dyp]khf Nkw;F ehLfspy; ghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. K];ypk;fs; rKjhaj;jpd; eyDf;fhf K];ypk;fs; gzp nra;tJ. fpwp];jtHfs; mtHfspd; fpwp];jt r%f Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf ghLgLtJ vd;w jd;ikapy; ,e;jr; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

Mdhy; ,e;jpar; #oypy; tFg;Gthjk; vd;w nrhy; jdpj;j fLikahd vjpHkiwahd nghUisj; jUfpwJ. xU r%fk; rpytw;iwg; ngWtjw;fhf gpw r%fj;ijg; gifikg;gLj;jp vjpHg;gJ ,e;jpar; #oypy; fk;A+dyp]khf fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. NtnwhU thHj;ijapy; nrhy;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; gpw r%fj;jpd; mopNt fk;A+dyp]j;jpd; mbg;gil.

KfyhaHfs; Ml;rp Ghpe;j 300 Mz;Lfhy tuyhw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpa nkhj;j ,e;jpa tuyhw;iwAk; ghHj;Njhk; vd;why;> ve;j ,e;Jkjj; jiytHfSk; ,];yhj;jpd; CLUtypypUe;J ,e;J kjj;ijg; ghpRj;jg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ve;j ,af;fj;ijAk; Muk;gpf;ftpy;iy. ve;j nksytpAk; ve;j cykhTk; kjkhw;w Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf jg;yPf; ,af;fj;ij Muk;gpj;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy.

gphpl;b\; Ml;rp ,e;jpahtpy; Vw;gl;l gpd;dH 19 k; E}w;whz;by; jhd; kjj;jpd; ngauhy; ,af;fq;fs; Njhd;wpd. xUtiu xUtH jPtpukhf vjpHj;jdH. ,e;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; jhd; mjpfhuq;fSf;fhf ,e;J K];ypk; r%fq;fspd; murpay; jiytHfs; xUtiu xUtH jPtpukhf vjpHj;jdH.

tFg;Gthjk; vd;gJ etPd fhyj;jpd; fUj;jhf;fk;. mJ xU murpay; fUj;jhf;fk;. kj;jpa fhy fl;lj;jpy; 'fk;A+dyp]k;" vd;w fUj;jhf;fk; fpilahJ. kjg; goikthjk; jhd; ,Ue;jJ.

kjg;goikthjk;> tFg;Gthjk; ,uz;ilAk; NtWgLj;jpg; ghHf;f Ntz;b ,Uf;fpd;wJ. kjg; goikthjk; jd;Dila nrhe;j kj ek;gpf;iffisg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; ve;j khw;wj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jhky; kpf ,Wf;fkhd Kiwiaf; ifahs;fpw xd;W.

Mdhy; tFg;Gthjk; vd;gJ gpw r%fq;fSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;iffspy; <LgLtJ. kjg; goikthjj;jpw;Fk; tFg;Gthjj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; ,Uf;fpd;w mbg;gilahd NtWghL ,J.

NtWgl;l ,U r%fq;fspd; jiytHfs; murpay; mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf tFg;Gthjj;ij ifapnyLf;fpd;wdH. kjg;goikthjk; kjj; jiytHfshYk; tFg;Gthjk; etPdfhy murpay; jiytHfshYk; jiyik Vw;W elj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

MH.v];.v];. jiytHfs; ,e;J kjj;jpd; jiytHfNsh ,e;J kj NghjfHfNsh my;y. Nfhy;thy;fH gdhu]; ,e;Jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; Ntjpapay; Jiwg; NguhrphpaH. 1925 y; MH.v];.v];. mikg;igj; Njhw;Wtpj;j n`l;NftH mbg;gilapy; kUj;JtH. ve;j ke;jphpYk; mtH G+rhhpapy;iy.

K`k;kjyp [pd;dh ngaustpy; jhd; K];ypk;. ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iffs; gw;wp mtUf;F vJTk; njhpahJ. ,];yhkpa ek;gpf;iffis mtH jPtpukhf gpd;gw;wpaJkpy;iy. mtuJ KO tho;f;ifAk; Nkw;fj;jpa kakhdjhfTk; etPdj;JtkhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. K];ypk; yPf;fpd; vy;yhj; jiytHfspd; tho;f;ifAk; ,t;thNw ,Ue;jJ.

tPurhtHf;fH ,e;J kfhrigapd; jiytH. [pd;dh ,UNjrf; nfhs;ifia NgRtjw;F Kd;Ng ',e;J uh];buh" vd;w fUj;ijr; nrhd;dtH. Mdhy; mtH Muk;gj;jpy; [hjp mikg;Gf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gl;ltH. rhjp mikg;Gf;F vjpuhd ,af;fj;ij elj;jpatH. Mdhy; ,e;Jj;Jtj;ijf; fl;bdhH. ,e;J uh\;buj;jpd; epWtdH mtH.

ve;j xU jPtpukhd kjj; jiytHfSk; fk;A+dyp] ,af;fq;fspy; gq;F ngw;wjpy;iy. ngUk;ghyhd cykhf;fs; ghfp];jhd; vd;w jdpehL cUthtij fLikahf vjpHj;jhHfs;. `{ird; mfkJ gjhdp vd;w Gfo;ngw;w cykh ghfp];jhd; vd;w ehL cUthtij vjpHj;J FHMd; `jP]; mbg;gilapy; Gj;jfk; xd;W vOjpdhH. vy;yh kjq;fisr; rhHe;j kf;fSk; ,ize;j xU ehL vd;w fUj;ij ,];yhkpa mbg;gilapy; epd;W typAWj;jpdhH.

[pd;dhtpd; ,UNjr nfhs;iff;Fk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; njhlHG vJTkpy;iy vd;whH. ,jid typAWj;Jtjw;fhf m];]hk; Kjy; fd;dpahFkhp tiu mtH gazk; nra;J K];ypk;fsplk; NgrpdhH. [pd;dhtpd; jtwhd topfhl;Ljypy; nry;y Ntz;lhk; vd;W mtH K];ypk;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhH. vdNt kjj;jiytHfs; tFg;Gthj ,af;fq;fspy; jPtpukhf nray;gltpy;iy. etPd fhy murpay; jiytHfs; jhd; mjpfhuq;fSf;fhf kj czHTfis itj;J jPtpukhf nray;gl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; jhd; tFg;G thj ,af;fq;fspy; jPtpukhf nray;gl;lhHfs;.

mj;thdp uhkH ngahpy; ujahj;jpiu Nkw;nfhz;lhH. mtH xU kjj;jiytuh? 'uhk;" vd;gij mtH mjd; mHj;jg; GhpjYld; mq;fPfhpj;J jhd; cr;rhpf;fpd;whuh? mj;thdp rpe;jp r%fg; gphpitr; rhHe;jtH. rpe;jp r%fj;ijr; rhHe;j xUtH uhkH ek;gpf;ifahsuhf ,Uf;f khl;lhH. rpe;jpfs; uhkiuNah NtW ve;j ,e;Jf; flTisNah topglNth ek;gNth khl;lhHfs;.

rkPgj;jpy; mj;thdp ghfp];jhd; nrd;W te;j gpwF Vw;gl;l rHr;irfs; njhlHghf fl;Liu xd;W gbj;Njd;. cr;rePjpkd;w tof;fwpQH xUtH vOjpaJ. fl;LiuahsUk; rpe;jp r%fk; jhd;. mtH jdJ fl;Liuapy; 'mj;thdp tFg;Gthjp ,y;iy. mtH mbg;gilapy; rpe;jp. re;jpfs; #/gpaprj;ij ek;GthHfs;. #/gpaprj;ij ek;GgtHfs; vg;gb tFg;Gthjpahf ,Uf;f KbAk;" vd;W vOjp ,Ue;jhH.

Mdhy; ekf;Fj; njhpAk; mj;thdp xU tFg;Gthjp vd;W. uhkiu ek;ghj> uhkiu topglhj mj;thdp Vd; mNahj;jpapy; uhkUf;f Nfhapy; fl;l Kaw;rpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNahj;jpapy; uhkUf;F Nfhapy; vd;W th[;gha; nrhy;tijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ. th[;gha; gpuhkzH. uhkiu ek;GgtH.

Mdhy; uhkn[d;k G+kpapd; Kf;fpakhd fUtp mj;thdp. mtH ,e;J Xl;L tq;fpfis ftHtjw;fhf ujahj;jpiu Nkw;nfhz;lhH. uhkH Nfhtpy; fl;Ltjw;fhf my;y.

murpay; jiytHfs; kf;fSf;Fk; ViofSf;Fkhd gzpapy; jq;fis <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. r%f khw;wj;jpYk; jq;fis <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjpy;iy. Mdhy; mjpfhuj;ij kl;Lk; tpUk;GfpwhHfs;. kjj;ij mjw;fhd fUtpahf gad;gLj;JfpwhHfs;. kjk; xU typikahd fUtp. kf;fs; cz;ikapNyNa flTis ek;GfpwhHfs;. topgLfpwhHfs;. mtHfs; gpw r%fq;fis ntWg;gjpy;iy. mtHfs; tFg;G thjpfSkpy;iy. xU cz;ikahd kj ek;gpf;ifahsH tFg;Gthjpahf ,Uf;f KbahJ. xU tFg;Gthjp cz;ikahd kj ek;gpf;ifahsdhf ,Uf;f KbahJ.

[pd;dhTk; Nfhy;thy;fUk; kjj;ij murpay; Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. kfhj;kh fhe;jp> nksyhd mGy;fyhk; M]hj; Nghd;wtHfs; cz;ikahd kj ek;gpf;ifahsHfs;. mtHfs; kj czHTfisj; J}z;bajpy;iy. mtHfs; kjr;rhHgpd;ikf;Fk; r%f ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;Fk; tYr;NrHj;jdH.

fhe;jp[p jd;id xU rdhjd ,e;J vd;Wk; mg;gb nrhy;ypf; nfhs;tjpy; jhd; ngUikg;gl;Lf; nfhs;tjhfTk; $wpatH. Mdhy; gpw kjq;fSf;F vjpuhf xU thHj;ijiaf; $l jd;Dila tho;ehspy; cgNahfpg;gjpy;iy.

nksyhdh M]hj; xU kpfg; nghpa ,];yhkpa rpe;jidahsH FHMDf;fhd tphpTiuia mtH gy njhFjpfshf je;Js;shH. jdJ tphpTiuapd; Kjy; njhFjpapy; 'FHMd;" kjq;fspd; xw;Wikiaf; Fwpg;gpLtjhff; $WfpwhH.

vy;yh rkaq;fspd; capHj;Jtkhd NghjidfSk; xd;whfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gij xt;nthU rkaq;fspy; Ntj E}y;fspd; mbg;gilapy; itj;J vOJfpwhH. FHMDk; vy;yh kjq;fisAk; khpahij nra;aTk; md;G nra;ar; nrhy;tijAk; ve;j kjj;ijAk; jhf;ff; $lhJ vd;W nrhy;tijAk; $WfpwhH.

1923 y; uhk; fhHby; fhq;fpu]; jiytuhf M]hj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l NghJ Mw;wpa jiyik ciuapy; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwhH. '',e;J - K];ypk; ,ilapy; xd;Wglhj tpLjiyia ehd; mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy. Vnddpy; tpLjiyia ,og;gJ vd;gJ ,e;jpahit ,og;gJ. Mdhy; ,e;J-K];ypk; xw;Wikia ,og;gJ vd;gJ nkhj;j kdpj r%fj;ijAk; ,og;gJ."" Mdhy; mijAk; jhz;b ,e;jpag; gphptpid jtpHf;f Kbahjjhf ,Ue;jJ.

(14>15>16 Njjpfspy; m];fH myp vQ;[pdpaH mtHfs; gq;F ngw;w gy epfo;r;rpfs; kJiuapy; eilngw;wd. 16k; Njjp eilngw;w epfo;r;rpapy; khztHfs; kj;jpapy; tFg;Gthjk; Fwpj;J epfo;j;jpa ciu ,J. N\hf;Nfh mwf;fl;lis Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;j epfo;r;rpapy; gy;NtW fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; khzt khztpfs; gq;Nfw;wdH. muq;fpy; khzt khztpfSf;F m];fH myp gjpy; $wpdhH.)