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;tuyhW vk;.V. tuyhW ghlj;jpy; xU tuyhw;Wg; Gul;L ,];yhkpa tuyhw;W Muha;r;rpf; fofk; (ICHR) nra;J tUk; gzpfs; gw;wp thrfHfs; ed;fwpthHfs;. mjd; Muha;r;rpfs; njhlHfpd;wd. vk;.V. tuyhW ghlj;jpy; te;j jfty;fs; Fwpj;J nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fof mQ;ry; topf; fy;tp epWtd ,izg; NguhrphpaH mtHfSf;F ICHR xU fbjk; mDg;gpAs;sJ. mjid mg;gbNa thrfHfSf;Fj; jUfpd;Nwhk;.ngWeH KidtH e.f. kq;fs KUNfrd; ,izg; NguhrphpaH mQ;ry; topf; fy;tp epWtdk; nrd;idg; gy;fiyf; fofk; nrd;id – 600 005.nghUs; : ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; tuyhw;W cz;ikfis mg;gbNa vOJtJ Fwpj;J kjpg;gpw;Fhpa NguhrphpaH e.f. kq;fs KUNfrd; mtHfspd; ftdj;jpw;F> ,];yhkpa mwpQHfshy; epWtg;gl;l ICHR (Islamic Council for Historical Research) Jtq;fp rpy Mz;Lfshfpd;wd. mJ Muk;gf; fy;tp Kjy; KJfiyg; ghlj;jpl;lk; tiu fy;tpapd; juj;ij cw;W Nehf;fp tUfpd;wJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; rpy eltbf;iffis ICHR Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ.rhd;whf kJiu fhkuh[H gy;fiyf;fofk;> mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fofk; Mfpa ,U gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; M.A. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,];yhkpa fyhr;rhuj;ijg; gopf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk;> ,e;J – K];ypk; xw;Wikiar; rPHFiyf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; ghlq;fs; mike;J ,Ue;jd.vdNt mg;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpidj; jahhpj;j NguhrphpaHfSf;F tpsf;fk; Nfl;L fbjk; mDg;gpaJ. mjw;F mg;NguhrphpaHfs; f;F gjpy; fbjk; mDg;gpdhHfs;. mjpy; xU NguhrphpaH ,e;jj; jtWf;fhf ehd; tUe;JfpNwd; vd;Wk;> jhq;fs; $wpa mg;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpid ePf;f Mtd nra;ag;gLk; vd;Wk; njhptpj;jhH. kw;Wk; rpy tp\aq;fis ICHR hPjpahfTk; re;jpj;J tUfpd;wJ. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; jhq;fs; vOjpa M.A. tuyhW Kjyhk; Mz;L jkpo; ehl;L rKjhag; gz;ghl;L tuyhW vd;w ghlg; Gj;jfj;jpy; ghlk; 16> gf;fk; 395 y; ,];yhk; vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; cs;s ghlj;jpidg; gbj;J mwpe;j NghJ ehq;fs; tpag;gpw;Fk;> kpFe;j kd tUj;jj;jpw;Fk; MshfpNdhk;.mg;Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;stw;iw jq;fs; epidtpw;Ff; nfhz;L tUfpNwhk;. tp[aefug; NguuR Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;ghf ,];yhk; njd;dpe;jpahit mile;jJ. ,tHfs; Muk;gj;jpy; jkpofj;Jld; tzpfj; njhlHG nfhz;bUe;jdH. khypf;fhG+hpd; gilnaLg;gpw;Fg; gpd; njd;dfj;jpy; kJiu Ry;jhdpak; Vw;gl;L tpl;lJ. ,jd; tpisthf> ,];yhkpw;F mNef NgH kjkhw;wk; nra;ag;gl;ldH. Muk;g fhyq;fspy; Nfhtpy;fisf; nfhs;isabj;Jk; kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;jpAk; rka khw;wq;fisr; nra;jdH. Muk;gf; fhyj;jpy; tw;GWj;jp kjkhw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhz;ldH. ,e;Jf; Nfhtpy;fs; rpyTk; k#jpfshf khw;wg;gl;ld. ,k;khWjy;fs; 18 E}w;whz;by; mjpfk; epfo;e;jd. jhq;fs; vOjpa mg;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s jfty;fs; Kw;wpYk; jtwhdit. ,it Kw;wpYk; jq;fspd; RafUj;jhFk;. vdNt tuyhw;wpd; cz;ik epiyfis jhq;fs; mwptjw;Fk; mwpe;jij kiwf;fhky; mg;gbNa vOJtjw;Fk; ,e;j tuyhw;W cz;ik epiyfis njspTgLj;Jtij ICHR xU flikahff; fUJfpwJ.njspTiu kJiu Ry;jhdpak; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljd; tpisthf mNef kf;fs; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;Lk;> tw;GWj;jg;gl;Lk; kj khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;ldH vd;gJ jq;fspd; Ra fUj;jhFk;. khypf;fhG+H gilnaLj;J kJiu Ry;jhdpak; Vw;gLtjw;F Kd;Gk; gpd;Gk; me;j kf;fspd; r%f rka tho;T epiy vg;gb ,Ue;jJ vd;gjidj; jhq;fs; VnwLj;Jk; ghHf;ftpy;iy. khypf;fhG+H gilnaLg;gpw;F Kf;fpakhd fhuzk; md;W kf;fs; kj;jpapy; rhjpg; ghFghl;lhy; xw;Wik ,y;yhjjhFk;. ghz;ba Nguurpd; tPo;r;rpf;F ghz;baHfspilNa fhzg;gl;l xw;Wikapd;ikNa fhuzk;. Re;ju ghz;bad;> tPu ghz;bad; ,UtUf;fpilNa Vw;gl;l Nghl;bapy; khypf;fhG+H FWf;fPl;bw;F top tFj;J ehl;il Ml;b itj;jdH. jkpof tuyhW> gf;fk; 162> kJiu fhkuh[H gy;fiyf;fofk;. NkYk; jhq;fs; md;iwa kf;fspd; r%f rka epiyfis eLepiyAld; Ma;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;. gpuhkzH> \j;jphpaH> itrpaH vd;NghH ePq;fyhf kw;w midj;J rhjpapdUNk #j;jpuHfs; vd miof;fg;gl;ldH. ,g;gphpitr; NrHe;j gy jug;gl;l rhjpapdH tyq;ifaH> ,lq;ifaH vd;w ,U gphpTfshf ,Ue;jdH. ,t;tpU gphptpYk; nkhj;jk; 98 rhjpfs; ,Ue;jd. tyq;if rhjpapdH coTj; njhopiyg; gpd;gw;wp vd;Wk;> ,lq;if rhjpapdH njhopy;fs;> tHj;jfk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; <Lgl;ldH vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpU gphptpdUk; rKjhaj;jpy; jq;fSf;Fj; jdp chpik rYiffs; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw rr;rutpl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jdH. jkpof tuyhW> gf;fk; 190> kJiu fhkuh[H gy;fiyf;fofk;. rhjpKiwapidf; Fwpj;J ghhP]; gw;wpnahpfpwjh?> (Is Paris Burning?), X! n[Uryk; (O! Jerusalem) Nghd;w gy tuyhw;W E}y;fis vOjp Gfo; gy ngw;w ,uz;L ntspehl;L tuyhw;W MrphpaHfshd nlhkpdpf; Nyg;gpaH> yhhp fhypd;]; Mfpa ,UtUk; ,ize;J es;sputpy; Rje;jpuk; vd;w tuyhw;W Gj;jfj;ij vOjp cs;shHfs;. mjpy;>The five original divisions had multiplied like cancer cells into almost 5000 sub-casts, 1886 for the Brahmins alone. Jtf;fj;jpy; Ie;J gphpTfshf ,Ue;j rhjpfs; Gw;W Neha; guTtJ Nghy 5000 cg rhjpfshf tphpe;Js;sd> gpuhkzHfspy; kl;Lk; 1886 gphpTfs; cs;sd. Freedom at midnight, Published in India, 1976, page 24.md;W kf;fs; jhdhf Kd; te;J ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F md;W ,Ue;j rhjp mikg;G Kiw Kf;fpakhdnjhU fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJ. kpf caHe;j rhjpapduhd gpuhkzHfs; gpuk;khtpd; thapypUe;Jk;> NghuhspfSk; Ml;rpahsHfSkhd \j;jphpaHfs; gpuk;khtpd; Njhs;fspypUe;Jk;> tHj;jfHfSk; tpahghhpfSkhd it];aHfs; gpuk;khtpd; njhilapypUe;Jk;> iftpidQHfSk; njhopyhsHfSkhd #j;jpuHfs; gpuk;khtpd; ghjj;jpypUe;Jk; gpwe;jhHfs; vd;Wk; kDjHkk; $Wfpd;wJ. Mdhy; jPz;lj;jfhjtHfs; Mz;ltdplkpUe;J gpwf;ftpy;iy vd;w ,e;j epiy ,e;jpah KOtJk; epytpaJ. ,e;jpahtpd; jpuhtpl kf;fis mbikg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,e;J kjj;ij epWtpa MhpaHfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lNj ,e;jr; rhjp KiwahFk;. ,e;jr; rhjpg;ghFghl;bw;F Mshf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F jq;fspd; chpikfisAk;> rYiffisAk; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F xU Gfyplk; Njitg;gl;lJ. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp mk;kf;fSf;F jhq;fs; vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;w cj;NtfKk; ,Ue;jJ. vdNt ,];yhk; jhd; ekf;F tpLjiy mspf;ff; $ba> Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;F jFe;j ghijahf ,Ug;gij mwpe;J nfhz;l kf;fs; ,];yhj;jpy; jq;fis ,izj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. Islam brought a new impulse for human progress to India. ,];yhk; ,e;jpahTf;F kf;fs; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd xU Gjpa cj;Ntfj;ij mspj;jnjd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru, page 181.vdNt jhd; yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; ,e;jr; rhjpf; nfhLikfspypUe;Jk;> mbikj;jdj;jpypUe;Jk; jq;fis tpLtpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf jhq;fshf Kd; te;J ve;j tw;GWj;jYk; ,y;yhky; ,];yhj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;ldH. To the Moslems to whom Islam was a kind of brotherhood of the faithful, that whole system was anathema. A generous welcoming faith, Islam’s Moghul Rulers. Inevitably, the vast majority of them were untouchables, seeking in the brotherhood of Islam on acceptance, their own faith could offer them only in some distant incarnation.,iwek;gpf;iff; nfhz;l vy;NyhUk; rNfhjuHfs; vd;gJ jhd; ,];yhk; khHf;fk; vd;W fUjpa K];ypk;fSf;F ,e;jr; rhjpa Kiw xU rhgkhfNt Njhd;wpaJ. ,jdhy; jhd; ,e;jpahtpd; KfyhaH Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; fUizAk;> tuNtw;Gk;> rNfhjuj;JtKk; epiwe;j ,];yhk; khHf;fj;Jf;F khw k];[pJfSf;Fr; nrd;wdH. jtpHf;f Kbahjgb> ,tHfspy; ngUk;ghNyhH jPz;lj;jfhjtHfshf ,Ue;jdH. jq;fspd; nrhe;j kjk; jq;fis xJf;fg;gl;l gpwtpahfNt elj;jpajhy; ,];yhkpd; rNfhjuj;Jtk; mtHfSf;F Vw;Gilajhf ,Ue;jJ. Freedom at mignight, Larry Collins and Dominique Lappiere, page 24, 25.vdNt jhd; md;W ,];yhj;ij vtUk; tpNuhjkhf epidf;ftpy;iy. There was a little, if any, ill-feeling against Islam.,];yhKf;F tpNuhjkhd czHr;rp vq;NfahtJ ,Ue;jnjd;why; mJ kpfTk; FiwT vd;Nw nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru, page 181.vdNt> jhq;fs; ghlj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W kf;fisj; Jd;GWj;jpNah my;yJ td;Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jpNah ,];yhj;jpw;F kjk; khw;wk; nra;atpy;iy. khwhf> ,];yhj;jpd; ey;y NghjidfSk;> ey;y nfhs;iffSNk mk;kf;fisf; ftHe;jd. ..but among the sixty six millions of Indian Musalmans there are vast number of converts or desecdants of converts, in whose conversion force played no part and only influence at work were the teaching and persuassion of peaceful Missionaried.Mifahy; gy Nfhb ,e;jpa K];ypk;fspy; kjk; khwpNahUk; my;yJ kjk; khwpNahhpd; re;jjpfSk; Vuhskhf ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. mtHfSila kjkhw;wj;jpy; td;Kiwf;F ve;jg; gq;Fkpy;iy. Mdhy; rkhjhd Kiwapy; gpur;rhuq;fs; nra;j NghjidfSk;> J}z;Ljy;fSNk mjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;. The Preaching of Islam, T.W.Arnold, page 254.vdNt jhq;fs; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W kf;fs; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;Lk;> tw;GWj;jg;gl;Lk; kjkhw;wk; nra;ag;gltpy;iy. jhq;fs; mg;ghlj;jpl;ljpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ jq;fspd; Ra fUj;jhFk;. NkYk; ,it tuyhw;Wj; jphpGfshFk;. njd;dpe;jpahtpy; 18 k; E}w;whz;by; ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fs; nfhs;if mbf;fg;gl;ld. k#jpfshf khw;wg;gl;ld vd;w ,e;jj; jfty; tuyhw;Wj; jphpG MFk;. K];ypk;fs; gilnaLg;gpd; NghJ ,Ujug;gpdH kj;jpapy; NghH eilngw;w Nuej;jpy; Nfhapy;fs; ,bghLfSf;Fs;shf;fg;gLtJ jtpHf;f Kbahj xd;whf md;W ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. ,jw;F KO fhuzKk; md;iwa ,e;J kd;dHfspd; RaeyNk. ..another reason for their destruction was perhaps the use of old temples as citadels and fighting places. Many of the temples in the south even now seen to resemble citadels where people can defend themselves if attacked. These temples thus served many purposes, apart from that of worship. They were the village school, the village meeting place, panchayat Ghar or parliament, and finally, if this became necessary, the village fort for defence against the enemy. Thus all the life of the village revolved round the temples and naturally the people who must have bossed over everything were the fact that temples were used some times as citadels many explain why the Muslim invaders destroyed them. ,e;j mopTf;F ,d;ndhU fhuzk; gioa fhyj;jpy; Nfhtpy;fs; Nfhl;ilfshfTk;> NghhpLk; ,lq;fshfTk; ,Ue;jJ. , g;nghOJ $l njd;dhl;Lf; Nfhapy;fspy; gy Nfhl;ilfisg; Nghy; vjphpfs; jhf;fpdhy; fhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; trjp cilaitahf ,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;. ,f; Nfhapy;fs; flTs; tzf;fj;Jf;F kl;Lkpd;wp NtW gy fhuzq;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. CH gs;spf; $lkhfTk;> CuhH $Lk; ,lkhfTk;> CHg; gQ;rhaj;J ];jykhfTk;> filrpahf mtrpak; NeUkhapd; vjphpfsplkpUe;J fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;sj;jf;f CHf; Nfhl;ilahfTk; tpsq;fpd. ,t;thwhf> CH tho;f;if KOtJk; Nfhapiyr; Rw;wp eilngw;wJ. MfNt gpuhkzHfs; my;yJ Nfhapy; mHr;rfHfs; jhd; vy;yhtw;iwAk; v[khd ];jhdk; tfpj;J elj;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gilnaLj;J te;j K];ypk;fshy; Nfhtpy;fs; mope;jjw;Ff; fhuzk; mit rpy rkaq;fspy; Nfhl;ilfshf cgNahfpf;fg;gl;likNa MFk;. Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru, page 127.Nkw;$wg;gl;l fhuzq;fisj; jtpHj;J> jdpahf xU gFjpapy; ,Ue;j Nfhapy;fs; ,bf;fg;gl;L k#jpfshf khw;wg;gltpy;iy. Nkw;$wg;gl;l fhuzq;fisj; jtpHj;J jhq;fs; mg;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W eilngw;wJ vd;why; ICHR jq;fSf;F ,uz;L Nfs;tpfis Kd;itf;fpd;wJ :njd;dpe;jpahtpy; ve;jf; Nfhtpy;fs; k];[pj;fshf khw;wg;gl;ld? ,it ve;j Mz;L> ve;j ,lq;fspy; eilngw;wd? jhq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l 18 k; E}w;whz;by; njd;dpe;jpahtpy;> vy;NyhUf;Fk; ed;F mwpKfkhd ,uz;L tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l khtPuHfs; tho;e;j fhyk; mJ. xd;W kJiu fhd; rhfpg;> mLj;jJ jpg;GRy;jhd;. ,e;jf; fhyfl;lq;fspy; gy ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fSf;F K];ypk;fshfy; khdpaq;fSk;> jhdjHkq;fSk; ghJfhg;Gk; toq;fg;gl;L te;Js;sd. rhd;whf> kJiu epHthfg; nghWg;G guf;fj;Jy;yh`;tpd; fPo; ,Ue;j NghJ> fp.gp.1755 [dthp 11k; Njjp kJiuf; Nfhtpypd; Kd; thrypy; xUK];ypk; Jwtpf;F mDkjpia toq;fpdhH. me;j K];ypk; re;epahrp Nfhapypd; Kd;dhy; rpwpa gs;spthriyf; fl;l Kad;whH. ,jid mwpe;j fhd; rhfpg; mjidj; jLj;J epWj;jp me;j K];ypk; re;epahrpiaj; jz;bj;jhH. NkYk; kJiu NfhtpiyAk; ghJfhj;J epd;whH. - fhd; rhfpg; fk;ke;jhd;> JHfhjh]; v];.Nf. ];thkp> gf;fk; 25> 26. rhf;Fb vd;w fpuhkj;ij fhd;rhfpg; [hfpuhf jhz;ltuhad; gpd;isf;F mspj;jhH. me;jf; fpuhkj;ij mtH kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;kd; NfhtpYf;F jhdkhf toq;fp tpl;lhH. fhd; rhfpgpd; tf;fPy; my;yJ fzf;fuhd Kj;Jg; gps;isf;F mJ Nghy; toq;fg;gl;l myhFsk; vd;w fpuhkj;ijAk; NfhtpYf;Nf toq;fp tpl;lhH. Yousuf Khan (Khan Sahib) – The Rebel Commandant 1914, New Delhi, page 1.jpg;G Ry;jhd; gy ,e;Jf; Nfhtpy; fSf;F topghl;Lg; nghUs;fSk;> eiffSk; epiwa toq;fp ,Uf;fpwhH. mtw;Ws; ghJ\h ypq;fKk;> fyr KuRk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. ik#H ehl;bd; rpwe;j rptj;jyq;fSs; xd;W eQ;rdf;$L. ,q;Fs;s eQ;Rz;Nl];tuH Nfhtpy; gpurpj;jkhdJ. ,e;jf; NfhapYf;F jpg;G Ry;jhd; toq;fp nfhilfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;FtJ kufjypq;fk;. xd;gij mq;Fyk; cauKs;s gr;ir tz;z kufj ypq;fk; jw;NghJk; ghHtjp rpiyf;F ,lg;Gwj;jpy; itj;J topglg;gLfpwJ. jpg;G Ry;jhd; toq;fpa ,e;j kufj ypq;fj;ij ghJ\h ypq;fk; vd;Nw Nfhtpypy; miof;fpd;whHfs;. jpg;Gtpd; kyghH gilnaLg;gpy; FUthA+H gpbgl;lJ. FUthA+hpy; gpurpj;jpg; ngw;w fpU\;zd; Nfhtpy; mHr;rfHfs; jpg;Gtpd; giltPuHfshy; NfhtpYf;Fr; Nrjk; tpistpf;fyhk; vd;W mQ;rp fUtiwapy; ,Ue;j fpU\;zd; rpiyia mg;Gwg;gLj;jp CUf;F ntspNa kiwj;J tpl;;ldH. ,e;jr; nra;jpia mwpe;j jpg;GRy;jhd; mtHfs; mHr;rfHfis mioj;J jhNk epd;W kPz;Lk; rpiyiaf; fUtiwapy; itj;jhH. NkYk; FUthA+H tl;lj;jpd; thp t#y; KOikAk; fpU\;zd; NfhtpYf;F mspj;jhH. FUthA+uhDf;F jpg;G mspj;j ,e;j ed;nfhil mtuJ fhyk; tiu NfhtpYf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. - jpg;G tpLjiyg; Nghhpd; Kd;Ndhb> lhf;lH.nt. [Pthde;jk;> gf;fk; 14>15. Srirangapatna from where he ruled has a Mosque and a great temple of Ranganatha. If Tipu were a communalist terror, the first victim would have been the nearby temple. On the contrary, we find him a measure of secularism, a grant of bounties to temples and a tolerance which is not found even today among political leaders. jpg;GRy;jhd; jiyefuhd rPuq;fg;gl;bdj;jpy; k#jpAk;> uq;fehjH NfhtpYk; mUfUNf ve;jg; ghjpg;Gk; ,d;wp cs;sij ,d;Wk; fhzyhk;. jpg;G kjntwpauhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; ,e;j Myak; my;yth Kjypy; gypahfp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. khwhf> gy ,e;Jf; Nfhtpy;fSf;F tpiykjpg;gw;w nfhilfis toq;fpa eLepiyahsuhfNt jpfo;e;jhH jpg;G. ,j;jifa eLepiyAk;> ngUe;jd;ikAk; ,d;iwa murpay; jiytHfsplk; $l ,Ug;gJ mG+HtkhfNt cs;sJ. - jpg;G tpLjiyg; Nghhpd; Kd;Ndhb> vd;w E}ypd; mzpe;Jiuapy;. Justice V.R.Krishna Iyer, Former Judge, Supreme Court of India. jhq;fs; ,q;F xd;iwf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpahtpy; Eioe;j kjq;fisAk; my;yJ mtHfshy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l rhk;uh[;aq;fisAk; xg;gpl;Lg; ghHj;jhy; ,];yhj;ijj; jdpr;rpwg;G tha;e;jjhfNt ,ejpa tuyhw;wpy; fhz KbAk;. rhd;whf : The Gupta period was one of aggressive imperialism and conquest nad victory. Fg;jHfspd; fhyj;ijg; gyhj;fhuKk; NghUk; ntw;wpAk; kpFe;j ,e;J rhk;uh[;a fhyk; vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru, page 106.This man (pushyammitra) made himself king, and there is said to have been a revival Brahminism in his time. Buddhist monks where also persecuted to some extend. But you will fied, as you read Indian history, that the way Brahmanism attacked Buddhism was much more subtle. G\;akpj;jpud; vd;Dk; gpuhkzd; (mNrhfd; rhk;uh[;ak;) gyhj;fhukhf mtHfSila muirf; ftHe;J jd;idNa murdhf;fpf; nfhz;lhd;. ,td; fhyj;jpy; gpuhkz kjk; kPz;Lk; jiynaLj;J ngsj;j re;epahrpfs; XusTf;Fj; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;ldH. ,e;jpa rhpj;jpuj;ijf; $He;J ftdpj;jhy; gpuhkz kjk ngsj;j kjj;ij vjpHj;Jj; jhf;fpa Kiw kpfTk; El;gkhdnjd;W fz;L nfhs;tha;. Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru, page 78.Mdhy;> ,e;jpahtpy; ,];yhkpa khHf;fk; ve;j kjj;Jldk; rr;rutpy; <LgLtjpypUe;J ePq;fp jdpr;rpwg;Gld; tpsq;fpaJ. You will find that after Islam began, for many hundred years Musalmans lived in all parts of India in perfect peace with their neighbours.,];yhk; khHf;fk; Vw;gl;;l gpwF gy E}w;whz;Lfs; tiuapy; K];ypk;fs; ,e;jpahtpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; jq;fs; mz;il mayhNuhL rNfhju ghrj;Jld; tho;e;J te;jij ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. Glimpses of World History, Jawaharlal Nehru, page 98.vdNt jhq;fs; mg;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; vOjpa mj;jid Nkw;Nfhs;fSk; ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ tPrg;gLk; mtJ}W MFk;. ,it midj;Jk; tuyhw;Wj; jphpGfshFk;. ,J Nghd;w cz;ikapy;yhj tuyhw;W epfo;Tfs; khztHfsplk; fw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gl;lhy;> tUq;fhyj;jpy; jkpofj;jpy; ,e;J – K];ypk; xw;Wik rPHFiyAk;.mJkl;Lkpd;wp ,d;W ehl;by; eilngWfpd;w midj;J kjf;fytuq;fSf;Fk;> gy k];[pj;fspd; ,bg;GfSf;Fk; ,it Nghd;w tuyhw;Wj; jphpGfs; Kf;fpakhd fhuzq;fshf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. vdNt jhq;fs; jaTnra;J mLj;j Mz;by; ,e;jg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s gFjpfis ePf;f Mtd nra;AkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. xU ehL tsHr;rp miltjw;Fk; me;ehl;L kf;fs; mwpQHfshf Mtjw;Fk; me;ehl;by; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;w fy;tp Kf;fpa fhuzkhf cs;sJ. vdNt xU rKjhaj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;bUe;j ntWg;Gfis Gj;jf tbtpy; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; nfhz;L tUtJ ehl;L eyDf;Fk;> rKjha eyDf;F ey;yjy;y vd;gij tUj;jj;Jld; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. jhq;fs; mLj;j Mz;by; ,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; cs;s jtwhd jfty;fis ePf;fp tpLkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. jhq;fs; vOjpa ghlj;jpl;lj;ij vy;yh kjj;ijr; rhHe;j khztHfSk; gbf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; mikj;Jf; nfhLq;fs;. xt;nthU khztidAk; ve;jtpjkhd fho;g;GzHr;rpAk; ,y;yhj cz;ikahd ,e;jpaf; Fbkfdhf cUthf;f Kaw;rp nra;Nthkhdhy; ek; ehL vy;yhj; JiwfspYk; jiy rpwe;J tpsq;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. jq;fspd; Nkyhd gjpiy vjpHghHf;fpNwhk;. ,g;gbf;F> K.M.G. mg;Jy; t`;`hg;gpujpepjp> ,];yhkpa tuyhw;W Muha;r;rpf; fofk; (ICHR)25> Nguf;]; rhiy> nghpaNkL> nrd;id – 600 003. |
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