Kuhg`h – tpahghuk;

xU eilKiw tpsf;fk;

Kuhg`h vd;gJ ''ugp`"" vd;w tpidr;nrhy;ypypUe;J Njhd;wpaJ. ''ugp`"" vd;why; ,yhgkile;jhd; vd;gJ nghUshFk;. ugp` vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J ngwg;gl;l 'hpg;`;" vd;w gjk; tpahghuj;jpy; fpilf;fpd;w yhgj;ij my;yJ mjpy; Vw;gLfpd;w tsHr;rpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. vdNt> Kuhg`h vd;gJ ,yhg Nehf;Ff; nfhz;l xUtif tpahghu mikg;ghff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vdyhk;. ,jid ,];yhkpa mwpQHfs; gythW tiutpyf;fg;gLj;jpAs;sdH.

,khk; f]hdp ,Jgw;wp Fwpg;gpLifapy; ''xU nghUspd; nfhs;tdT tpiyg; ngWkhdj;NjhL mjid tpw;gid nra;fpd;w NghJ vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; ,yhgj;ij NrHj;J Gjpjhf tpiy itg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; vd;fpwhH"".

,khk; ,g;D Fjhkhtpd; fUj;Jg;gb> ''tpw;gidg; nghUspd; %yjdg; ngWkjpNahL xU Fwpg;gpl;l njspthd ,yhgj; njhifiaAk; NrHj;J Gjpjhf tpiy itg;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ"".1

,khk; ,g;D U\;j; ,jid tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;Jifapy; ''Kuhg`h vd;gJ xU tpahghhp jdJ tpw;gidg; nghUspd; nfhs;tpiyia mjid thq;f tpUk;Ggthplk; njspTgLj;jp mjNdhL jhd; mg;nghUis tpw;fpd;w NghJ vjpHghHf;fpd;w Fwpg;gpl;l ,yhgj;njhifiaAk; NrHj;J Gjpjhf tpiy itg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; vd;fpwhH. 2

,e;j tiutpyf;fzq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; Nehf;Fk; NghJ Kuhg`h tpahghuk; rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gidapypUe;J rw;W NtWgLfpd;wJ. ,jd;gb xU nfhs;tdthsH jdf;Fj; Njitahd nghUl;fis thq;fpj; jUkhW tpw;gidahshplk; Ntz;LthH. tpw;gidahsH mtw;iw nkhj;jkhfNth> rpy;yiuahfNth nfhs;tdT nra;J nfhs;tdT tpiyia ntspg;gLj;jp> mg;nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;fpd;w NghJ vjpHghHf;fpd;w ,yhgj; njhifiaAk; nfhs;tdT tpiyNahL $l;b kPs; tpw;gid nra;thH. ,jpy; ngWk; ,yhgk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l njhifahf tpghpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; tpw;gidahsH ngWk; ,yhgj; njhifia Vw;fdNt nfhs;tdthsH mwpe;J itj;jpUg;ghH.

rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gidiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; tpw;gidahsH tpw;gidg; nghUspd; nfhs;tdT tpiyiaf; Fwpg;gplhky; nfhs;tdT tpiyNahL ,yhgj;ijf; $l;b nkhj;jj; njhiff;F mg;nghUis tpw;gid Kiw %yk; tpw;gidahsH ,yhgk; rk;ghjpj;j NghjpYk; ,J Kuhg`h my;y. ,jid ''K]htkh"" (Bargaining) tpahghu mikg;G vd miog;gH.

\hPMtpd; mDkjpAz;L

Kuhg`h tpahghu mikg;G \hPmj; hPjpapy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l kpfr; rhpahd tpahghu mikg;Gfspy; xd;whFk;. ehd;F kj;`g;fSila ,khk;fs; cl;gl mjpfkhd rd;khHf;f rl;l mwpQHfs; ,f;fUj;ij typAWj;jpAs;sdH.3 ,J ve;j tifapYk; tl;bNahL rk;ge;jg;gLtjpy;iy. rhjhuzkhfg; nghUs; tpw;gidapd; NghJ gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;w \hPmj; rl;l xOq;FfNs ,jpYk; mKyhfpd;wd.4

rT+jp mNugpahtpYs;s ,];yhkpa rl;l Ma;T kd;wk; mjd; jPHkhdnkhd;wpy; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. nfhs;tdthsdpd; Nfs;tpf; fl;lisapd; Nghpy; tpw;gidahsd; xU nghUis thq;fp \hPmj; Kiwg;gb mjidg; nghWg;Ngw;W jdJ clikahf khw;wpajd; gpd;dH ,yhgj;Jld; mg;nghUis kPz;Lk; tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kuhg`h tpahghu mikg;G \hPmj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. nfhs;tdthshplk; mg;nghUis xg;gilf;Fk; Kd;dH mjpy; Vw;gLk; Nrjq;fSf;F tpw;gidahsNd nghWg;ghthd;. ,Nj Nghy; mg;nghUis thq;fpajd; gpd;dH mjpy; VjhtJ kiwthd FiwghLfs; fhzg;gbd; mjid tpw;gidahshplNk jpUg;gp xg;gilf;fTk; KbAk;. NkYk; ,e;j tpahghuj;jpd; NghJ tof;fkhd tpahghuj;jpYs;sJ Nghd;Nw \hPmj; rl;l mbg;gilfSk; tpjpfSk; fz;bg;ghfg; gpd;gw;wg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.5

Kuhg`h tpahghu Kiw mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhFnkd;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; rk;gtk; rpwe;j Mjhukhf mikfpd;wJ. ''xUKiw fyPgh mG+gf;fH (uyp) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; kjPdhtpNy fLikahd gQ;rk; epytpaJ. mr;rkak; c];khd; (uyp) mtHfSf;F \hk; ehl;bypUe;J tpahghug; nghUl;fs; te;J nfhz;bUe;jd. tpahghhpfs; mtw;iw thq;Ftjw;fhf c]khd; (uyp) mtHfsplk; nrd;wdH. mg;nghOJ c];khd; (uyp) mtHfs;> ehd; \hk; ehl;bypUe;J jUtpj;Js;s ,g;nghUl;fSf;F vt;tsT ,yhgk; jUtPHfs; vd tpdtpdhHfs;. mjw;F mtHfs; ePq;fs; gj;J jpH`k;fs; tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fpa nghUSf;F gd;dpuz;L jpH`k;fs; jUfpd;Nwhk; vd;wdH. me;j ,yhgk; NghjhJ vd;W c];khd; (uyp) mtHfs; nrhd;d NghJ mg;gbahapd; gjpide;J jpH`k;fs; jUfpd;Nwhk; vd;wdH. ,jidAk; tplf; $Ljyhd yhgj;ij c];khd; (uyp) mtHfs; vjpHghHj;jhHfs;. mg;nghOJ me;j tpahghhpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mtHfisg; ghHj;J ehq;fs; kjPdhitr; NrHe;j tpahghhpfs; vd;gJ jhq;fSf;Fj; njhpahjh? vk;ik tplf; $Ljyhf ahH jhd; cq;fSf;F yhgk; jUthHfs; vd;wdH. mjw;F c];khd; (uyp) mtHfs; vdJ ,iwtd; ,jidtplf; $Ljyhff> gj;J klq;f ,yhgj;ij vdf;Fj; jUthd; vd;whHfs;.6

,e;j tifapy; Kuhg`h tpahghu mikg;ig vy;yh tifahd tpahghuj; NjitfSf;Fk; Vw;W ,wf;FkjpfNshL njhlHghd tpw;gidfSf;Fk; kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L tpahghuk; Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d gpwtw;Wf;Fk; mikthf Vw;ghL nra;a KbAk;.

Kuhg`h xg;ge;jg;gb tpw;gidahsH jdJ tpw;gidg; nghUSf;Fhpa tpiyg; ngWkhdj;ij cld; fhrhf nkhj;jkhfNth> jtiz mbg;gilapy; () gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l nfhLg;gdthfNth ngw;Wf; nfhz;L mjidf; nfhs;tdthsUf;F toq;f KbAk;. ,t;tpjk; jtiz mbg;gilapy; toq;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; ,lHghLfisj; jtpHg;gjw;fhf nfhs;tdthshplk; VJk; ghJfhg;Gf;fis Kd;itf;FkhW Nfhuyhk;. nghJthf epyq;s;> eiffs;> Kohugh`; gj;jpuq;fs;> gq;Fg; gj;jpuq;fs;> kw;Wk; msT> epiw gz;Gfs; Kjyhdtw;iw tiuaWj;J ngWkjpia epHzapf;fj;jf;f mirAk; mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fs; Nghd;wit ghJfhg;Gf;fhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;glyhk;.

Kuhg`h xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb mbg;gilapy; ,lk; ngWk; nghUs; nfhs;tdT> tpw;gid Mfpatw;wpy; nghJthf tpahghuj;jpy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; \hPMtpd; epge;jidfs;> tpjpKiwfs; njspthfg; gpd;gw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

tpw;gtH + thq;FgtH (Kuhg`h tpahghu xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;NthH)

]Pfh (tpahghu xg;ge;jj;Jf;fhd thHj;ijg; gpuNahfk;

<[hg; + fG+y; (tpahghuk; Ngr;R Kbjy;)7

 

tpw;gtH + thq;FgtH

,tHfs; ,UtUk; tpahghuk; nra;gtHfs; vd;w tifapy; (mjw;F) gpd;tUk; jfikfisg; ngw;wpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

gUtkile;jtHfshf ,Uj;jy;

Gj;jpRthjPdKs;stHfshf ,Uj;jy;

gphpj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; nfhz;ltHfshf ,Uj;jy;

kdNehahspahfNth> NghijapYs;stHfshfNth> gphpj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; mw;w gUt taijailahj rpWtHfshfNth ,y;yhjpUj;jy;

(tpl;L tpl;L kdNeha;f;F cl;gLgtHfshapd; mtHfs; Rf epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ tpahghuk; nra;tjpy; jtwpy;iy. ,NjNghy; gphpj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; nfhz;l gUtkilahj rpWtHfSk; mtHfsJ nghWg;GjhuHfsJ mDkjpapd; Nghpy; tpahghuk; nra;a KbAk;)8

]Pfh (tpahghu xg;ge;jj;Jf;fhd thHj;ijg; gpuNahfk;

,jw;nfdj; jdpahd thHj;ijg; gpuNahfk; fpilahJ. fUj;ijAk;> Nehf;fj;ijAk; njspTgLj;jf; $ba tifapy; mikAk;. rhjhuz tof;fpYs;s thHj;ijfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy; jtwpy;iy. Mdhy; ,e;jg; Ngr;RthHj;ijfs; ,UtUf;Fk; njhpe;j nkhopapy; kpfj; njspthdjha; ,lk; ngWtJ mtrpakhFk;. tpiyNgRjy;> Nguk; NgRjy; Kiw %ykhf Ngr;RthHj;ij ,lk; ngw KbAk;. Ngr;RthHj;ij KbTfs; ,we;jfhy> my;yJ epfo;fhy thHj;ijg; gpuNahfkhf mike;jpUg;gJ fl;lhakhFk;. (cjhuzk; : tpw;Nwd;> tpw;fpNwd;> thq;fpNdd;> thq;FfpNwd;)9

,khk; ettp (u`;) mtHfs; ,jw;F ,irthdjha; gy thHj;ijg; gpuNahfq;fis Kd;nkhopT nra;Js;shHfs;. c-k; :

ehd; thq;fpa nghUis my;yJ ehd; ,d;d tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fpa nghUis ,t;tsT yhgk; itj;J tpw;Nwd;.

vdf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd ,g;nghUis ,t;tsT yhgj;Jld; tpw;Nwd;.

,t;tsT ngWkjp nfhz;l vdJ nghUis ,j;jid yhgj;Jf;F tpw;Nwd;. 10

 

<[hg; + fG+y; (tpahghuk; Ngr;R Kbjy;)

tpahghuj;jpy; Ngr;R Kbj;jiy ,J Fwpf;Fk;. tpw;gidahsUk; nfhs;tdthsUk; tpahghuk; nghUspd; juj;jpYk;> tpiyapYk;> tpw;gidapYk; G+uz jpUg;jpaile;jjd; gpd;dH tpw;gidahsH nghUisf; ifaspf;f Ntz;Lk;. (<[hg;) mijf; nfhs;tdthsH ifNaw;f Ntz;Lk;. (fG+y;) ,e;j nray;Kiw nry;Ygbahtjw;F gpd;tUk; epge;jidfisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;.

<[hg; + fG+y; XH ,lj;jpy; ,lk; ngWjy; Ntz;Lk;.

<[hGf;Fk; fG+Yf;Fkpilapy; ePz;l ,ilntsp ,Uj;jy; $lhJ

<[hGf;F khw;wkhff; fG+y; mikjy; $lhJ

xUtiu epHg;ge;jg;gLj;jp tpw;wy;> thq;fy; ,lk; ngwhky; Rje;jpukhd Kiwapy; mJ ,lk; ngwy;

(cj;jpNahfg;G+Htkhd vOj;J cUtpYk;> ek;gj; jFe;j njhlHGf; fUtpfspd; ClhfTk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj;jf;f KftHfs;> J}JtHfs; thapyhfTk; <[hg; + fG+y; ,lk; ngw KbAk;).

Kuhg`h tpahghuj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fs; gpd;tUk; epge;jidfSf;F cl;gl;litahf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

nghUs; jd;dpy; Rj;jkhf ,Ug;gNjhL \hPmj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; MFkhdjhfTk; ,Uj;jy;

tpw;wtUk; thq;FgtUk; Fwpg;gpl;l tpahghuj;jpy; gad;ngWjy;

tpw;gidg; nghUSk;> tpiyahf itf;fg;gLk; nghUSk; (c-k; : gzk;) mtutHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhapUj;jy;

nghUisf; ifkhw;wp chpatUf;F xg;gilf;f KbAkhapUj;jy;

Fwpg;gpl;l nghUspd; juk;> msT> epiw> gz;Gfs;> tpiy Nghd;wtw;iw ,UtUk; njspthf mwpe;jpUj;jy;

thq;fpa nghUisg; nghWg;Ngw;wjd; gpd;dH kw;wtUf;F tpw;wy;12

(tpahghuk; KbTw;wjd; gpd; tpw;gidg; nghUspy; VJk; FiwghL fhzg;gl;lhy; my;yJ fyg;glk;> Nkhrb Nghd;wit mjpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gjhf mwpag;gl;lhy; mjidj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;f thq;fpatUf;F chpikAz;L. ,NjNghy; tpiyg; nghUspYk; VjhtJ FiwghL> Nkhrb Nghd;wit ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jhy; mjidj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;f tpw;wtUf;Fk; chpikAz;L)

Kuhg`h tpahghuj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUs; NkNy $wg;gl;l epge;jidfSf;F mikthf ,Ug;gNjhL nghUspd; tpiyiaj; jPHkhdpg;gjpy; gpd;tUk; tpraq;fs; njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

nghUs; tpw;gidahsH jhd; tpw;Fk; nghUis vd;d tpiyf;Ff; nfhs;tdT nra;jhH vd;gij mthplkpUe;J mg;nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;a tpUk;GgtUf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;yy;

tpw;gidahH me;jg; nghUs; tpw;gidapy; milfpd;w ,yhgj; njhif vt;tsT vd tiuaWj;J mwpag;gl;bUj;jy;

tpw;gidg; nghUSf;Fg; gjpyhff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; tpiyg; nghUs; (tpw;gidg; nghUspdJ) mNj ,dj;ijr; NrHe;jjhf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;

nghUs; tpw;gidahsH Kjypy; mg;nghUis thq;fpa NghJ ,lk; ngw;w tpahghu cld;gbf;if \hPmj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; mq;fPfhuk; ngw;wjha; mike;jpUj;jy;.13

 

nghJthf rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gidapy; rhl;rpfs; Njitnad my;FHMd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ''ePq;fs; tHj;jfk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; mjw;F rhl;rp Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. md;wp> (jtwhf vOJk;gb) vOj;jhsNdh> (ngha;$Wk;gb) rhl;rpNah Jd;GWj;jf; $lhJ. (2:282). ,J tpahghuj;jpy; rhl;rpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ tpUk;gj;jf;fJk;> gaDs;sJkhFk; vd;gij czHj;Jfpd;wNj jtpu fl;lhaf; flikahf khl;lhJ vd;gNj mjpfkhd ,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQHfsJ fUj;jhFk;.14 mwpQH [];]h]; jdJ m`;fhKy; FHMd; vd;w E}ypy; ,f;fUj;ijNah typAWj;jpAs;shH. u]{y; (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; ]`hghf;fs; rhl;rpfs; ,d;wp tpahghuk; nra;Js;shHfs;. ,jid egpatHfs; jLj;jw;Nfh rhl;rpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;SkhW fl;lhag;gLj;jpajw;Nfh Mjhuq;fs; ,y;iy. mg;gbf; fl;lhakhdjhf ,Ue;jpUf;Fkhapd; mjid ]`hghf;fSk;> jhgpaPd;fSk; gpd;te;j ,];yhkpa mwpQHfSk; kpfg; gpugy;akhf typAWj;jpg; gpd;gw;wpapUg;ghHfs; vd;gjpy; re;Njfkpy;iy. vdNt ,itaidj;Jk; tpahghuj;jpy; rhl;rpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ fl;lhaf; flikay;y vd;gijNah fhl;Lfpd;wd.15

vdpDk; rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gidapYk;> Kuhg`h tpahghuj;jpYk;> Vida nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspYk; rhl;rpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJk; mtw;iw vOj;JUtpy; gjpT nra;J nfhs;tJNk rpwe;jJ. khHf;fj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpYk;> cyf elg;Gf;fspy; rpf;fy;fs; gpzf;Ffs; Njhd;Wtijj; jtpHg;gjpYk; mJ gadspf;ff; $bajhfTk; ,Uf;f KbAk;. ,jid midj;J ,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQHfSk; fUj;J Kuz;ghLfspd;wp Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUg;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gidapd; NghJ tpw;gtUk; thq;FgtUk; gy epiyfspy; njhpTr; Rje;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;j chpik ngWfpd;wdH. cjhuzkhf tpahghu ,lj;jpy; ,UtUf;Fkpilapyhd tpahghu xg;ge;jk; eilKiw tof;Fg;gb Kw;Wg; ngw Kd;dH> njhpT Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fhpa fhy msit ,UtuJk; ,zf;fj;jpd; Nghpy; \Hj;jpl;L tiuaWj;jy;> tpw;gidg; nghUspd; my;yJ tpiyg;nghUspd; msT> epiw> ngWkjp Nghd;wtw;wpy; FiwghL ,Ug;gJ tpahghuk; Kw;Wg; ngw;wjd; gpd;dH njhpatUjy;. mg;nghUl;fspy; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw Nkhrbfs; Vkhw;Wjy;fs; ,lk; ngw;wpUj;jy;.. Nghd;w epiyfspd; NghJ njhpTr; Rje;jpuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Fwpg;gpl;l nghUis Vw;fTk;> epuhfhpf;fTk; msT> epiw> ngWkjp Nghd;wtw;wpy; khw;wk; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w epge;jidapd; Nghpy; me;j tpahghuj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; ,UtUf;Fk; chpikAz;L.

Mdhy; Kuhg`h tpahghuk; ,e;j rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gid KiwapypUe;Jk; rw;W tpj;jpahrkhfpd;wJ. ,jd;gb nfhs;tdthsH jdf;Fj; Njitahd nghUis thq;fpj; jUkhW tpw;gidahshplk; Ntz;LthH. tpw;gidahsH Fwpg;gpl;l nghUspd; juk;> msT> epiw> ngWkjp> mg;nghUis thq;fp kPs; tpw;gid nra;fpd;w NghJ vjpHghHf;fpd;w ,yhgj; njhif Nghd;wtw;wpy; nfhs;tdthsUld; ,zq;fpaj;d; gpd;dNu mg;nghUis thq;FthH. ,e;epiyapy; nfhs;tdthsUf;Fj; njhpTr; Rje;jpuk; toq;fg;gl KbahJ. ,UtUk; ,zq;fpf; nfhz;l gpufhuk; nghUs; fhzg;gLkhapd; nfhs;tdthsH thf;fspj;jgb fl;lhakhf mg;nghUis thq;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW thq;fhj gl;rj;jpy; nfhs;tdthsH e\;lkila NehpLk;. Njitaw;w rpukq;fSf;Fk; mtH cs;shFthH. ,f;fUj;J Jgha; ehl;by; eilngw;w ,];yhkpa tq;fpfs; khehl;by; typAWj;jg;gl;lJ. khypf; kj;`gpd; rl;lj; jPHg;gpd;gbAk;> thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;Wjy; rd;khHf;ff; flik vd;w tifapy; gpw kj;`g;fspd; fUj;jpd;gbAk;> khHf;f hPjpapy; flikahFk;. xd;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L VJk; MFkhd eyd; xd;iw mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhd topKiwiaAk; flikahff; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;w tifapYk; me;jj; jPHkhdk; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.17

,J ehd;F kj;`g;fspdJk; fUj;jhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,khk; \hgp< (u`;) rw;W tpj;jpahrkhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whH. mthpd; fUj;Jg;gb nfhs;tdthsUf;F Fwpg;gpll nghUis thq;fTk;> thq;fhjpUf;fTk; njhpTr; Rje;jpuKz;L.18

,khk; \hgp<apd; ,f;fUj;ij kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhff; fhZk; 'm`;kj; ja;ahH" vd;w mwpQH rpy ,];yhkpa tq;fpfs; nfhs;tdthsUf;F njhpTr; Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fhky; Fwpg;gpl;l nghUis thq;FkhW fl;lhag;gLj;Jtjhy; \hPMtpd; gpd;tUk; vr;rhpf;iffSf;F cs;shf NehpLk; vd;fpd;whH.

jd;dplk; ,y;yhj nghUis tpw;gjhf mikayhk;

,e;j tpahghur; nraw;ghl;by; \hPmj; jil nra;Js;s gytifahd jPikfSk; njsptpd;ikfSk; ,lk; ngwyhk;.19

 

,];yhkpa tq;fp Kuhg`h tpahghu Kiwiag; gpd;tUk; %d;W topKiwfspy; nraw;gLj;jyhk;.

tq;fp NeubahfNth jdJ ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa KftH %ykhfNth re;ij epiyikfis mtjhdpj;J nghUl;fspd; epuk;gy; mtw;Wf;fhd jdJ thbf;ifahsHfspd; Nfs;tp Mfpatw;iw ed;F ghPrPypj;J cr;r ,yhgj;ij milaf; $ba tpjj;jpYk; thbf;ifahsHfSF;F mjpfk; gadspf;ff; $ba tpj;jpYk; Nguk; NgRjypd; Clhf cs;ehl;L my;yJ ntspehl;Lr; re;ijfspypUe;J nghUl;fis nkhj;jkhff; nfhs;tdT nra;Ak;. gpd;dH nfhs;tdNthL njhlHghf Vw;gl;l nryTfisAk; Fwpg;gpl;l nghUl;fis kPs; tpw;gid nra;fpd;w NghJ jhd; vjpHghHf;Fk; ,yhgj; njhifiaAk; Fwpg;gpll nghUl;fspd; nfhs;tdT tpiyNahL $l;b thbf;ifahsUf;F kPs; tpw;gid nra;Ak;. ,t;thW tpw;gid nra;Ak; NghJ nfhs;tdT tpiy> nfhs;tTr; nryT> vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; ,yhgj; njhif vd;gd jdpj;jdpahf thbf;ifahsHfSf;F tpghpf;fg;gLk;.

cjhuzkhf>

FspHrhjg; ngl;bnahd;wpd; nfhs;tdT tpiy = 34500 &gha;

mjid nfhs;tdT nra;tjpy; Vw;gl;l nryT = 500 &gha;

mjid tpw;gid nra;tjd; %yk; tq;fp vjpHghHf;Fk; ,yhgj; njhif = 3500 &gha;

tq;fp mjid thbf;ifahsUf;F kPs; tpw;gid nra;Ak; NghJ mjdJ tpiy (34500+500+3500) = 38500 &gha;.

,e;j tpahghu eltbf;ifapd; NghJ rhjhuzkhf nghUs; tpw;gidapYs;sJ NghyNt thbf;ifahsUf;Fg; G+uz njhpTr; Rje;jpuk; toq;fg;gLk;. Fwpg;gpll nghUis thq;FkhW fl;lhag;gLj;j tq;fpf;F ve;jtpj mjpfhu chpikAk; fpilahJ. thbf;ifahsH tpUk;gpdhy; mjid thq;fyhk;. tpUk;gpdhy; thq;fhJ tplTk; chpik ngWthH.

2 tq;fp thbf;ifahshpd; jdpg;gl;l Nfs;tp tpz;zg;gk; my;yJ nfhs;tdTf; fl;lisiag; nghWg;Ngw;W mjd; mbg;gilapy; thbf;ifahsH tpUk;Gk; nghUis cs;ehl;Lr; re;ijapypUe;J nfhstdT nra;Ak;. my;yJ ntspehl;bypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak;. gpd;dH mg;nghUspd; nfhs;tpiyNahL mjidf; nfhs;tdT nra;jjpy; my;yJ ,wf;Fkjp nra;jjpy; Vw;gl;l nryitAk;> mjid kPs; tpw;gid nra;tjpy; tq;fp vjpHghHf;fpd;w ,yhgj;ijAk; $l;b mg;nghUSf;Fg; Gjpjhf tpiy itj;J me;j thbf;ifahsUf;F tpw;gid nra;Ak;.20 ,Jrkak; nfhs;tpiy> nfhs;tdT my;yJ ,wf;Fkjpr; nryT> vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; ,yhgj; njhif Mfpa jdpj;jdpahf thbf;ifahsUf;Fj; njspTgLj;jg;gLk;. ,j;jifa xU nghUis thq;fpj; jUk;gb Nfl;l thbf;ifahsH my;yhj xUtUf;F mjid tpw;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,q;F Fwpg;gpl;l tpguq;fs; njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

thbf;ifahshpd; jdpg;gl;l Nfs;tpapd; Nghpy; xU nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;J my;yJ ,wf;Fkjp nra;J kPs; tpw;gid nra;a tq;fp tpUk;Gfpd;w Ntisapy; mg;nghUspd; juk;> msT> tif> jd;ik.. Nghd;wtw;wpy; mtUld; ,zq;fp mjd; nfhs;tpiy kw;Wk; mjidf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjpy; my;yJ ,wf;Fkjp nra;tjpy; Vw;gLk; nryT> mjid kPs; tpw;gid nra;fpd;w nghJ tq;fp vjpHghHf;fpd;w ,yhgj; njhif Mfpatw;iwj; jdpj;jdpahf thbf;ifahsUf;F tpghpj;J mtuJ G+uz ,zf;fj;ij vOj;J %yk; ngw;wjd; gpd;dNu tq;fp Fwpg;gpl;l nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;J gpd;dH kPs; tpw;gid nra;Ak;. ,t;tikak; thbf;ifahsUf;Fj; njhpTr; Rje;jpuk; toq;fg;gl khl;lhJ. mtH fl;lhakhf mg;nghUis thq;f Ntz;Lk;. jtpHf;f Kbahj VJk; ,lHghLfs; fhuzkhf thbf;ifahsuhy; mg;nghUis thq;f KbahjpUg;gpd;> mtUk; tq;fpAk; Ngr;RthHj;ij elhj;jp> epahakhd KbTf;F tuyhk;. thbf;ifahsH mg;nghUis thq;fhJ tpLtjd; fhuzkhf tq;fp VjhtJ ,og;Gfis my;yJ e\;lq;fis vjpHNehf;f NeUkhapd; mjid thbf;ifahsNu nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;Lk;.

,NjNghy; tq;fpAk; me;j thbf;ifahsiug; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl;L mjpfhpj;j ,yhg Nehf;fpy; NtW xUtUf;F mg;nghUis tpw;f KbahJ. ,g;gbf; nra;tJ xU tpahghu Nkhrbahf ,Uf;Fk;. mNjNtis tq;fpapd; ed;kjpg;igAk; () ghjpf;Fk;. ,Jrkak; thbf;ifahsH tq;fpf;nfjpuhf tof;Fj; njhLj;J tq;fpapd; Vkhw;W elj;ijahy; jdf;F Vw;gl;l ,yhg ,og;ig e\;l <lhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;s chpik ngWthH.

3 kw;nwhU tifapy; thbf;ifahsH jhd; nfhs;tdT nra;a tpUk;Gk; nghUs; rk;ge;jkhf mjd; tpw;gidahsUld; jhkhfg; Nguk; Ngrp mjdJ juk;> tif> msT> jd;ik> tpiy.. Nghd;wtw;wi ,zq;fp mjd; tpguf; Nfhitia () tq;fpf;Fr; rkHg;gpj;J mjid thq;fpj; jUkhW Ntz;lyhk;. mJrkak; tq;fp mg;nghUis nfhs;tdT nra;tjpy; Vw;gLk; nryitAk;> mjid me;j thbf;ifahsUf;Nf kPs; tpw;gid nra;tjpy; tq;fp vjpHghHf;fpd;w ,yhgj; njhifiaAk;> mtUf;F tpthpj;J> ,it ,uz;ilAk; mg;nghUspd; nfhs;tpiyNahL NrHj;Jj; jUtnjd;W mtuJ ,zf;fj;ij vOj;J%yk; ngw;wjd; gpd;dH tq;fp Fwpg;gpl;l nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;J kPs; tpw;gid nra;Ak;.

tq;fpapd; ,r;nraw;ghLk;> NkNy $wg;gl;l mjd; ,uz;lhtJ nraw;ghl;il xj;jjhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; NghJk; Kd;idajpy; Nghy; tq;fpAk; thbf;ifahsUk; jkJ cld;ghl;ilg; Ngzp ek;gpf;ifahf ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cld;ghl;Lf;F khw;wkhf ele;J nfhs;Sk; NghJ Vw;gLk; ,og;Gf;Fk; e\;lj;Jf;Fk; mk;khw;wj;Jf;F cle;ijahf ,Ug;gtNu nghWg;ghthH.

,];yhkpa tq;fp jdJ ,e;j Kuhg`h tpahghu nraw;ghlbd; %d;W topKiwfspd; NghJk; jhdhf my;yJ jdJ ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa KftH thapyhff; Fwpg;gpl;l nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;J jdJ KO chpikahf khw;wpajd; gpd;dNu mjid kPs; tpw;gid nra;Ak;. nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; thbf;ifahsH tq;fpapd; rhHgpy; Kftuhfj; nraw;gl khl;lhH.

Kuhg`h tpahghu xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb tq;fp jdJ tpw;gidg; nghUspd; nkhj;j tpiyj; njhifia cld; fhrhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhz;Nlh my;yJ jtizabg;gilapy; gpw;gLj;jg;gll nfhLg;gdTf;Nfh mjid thbf;ifahsUf;F toq;f KbAk;. ,t;tpjk; jtizabg;gilapy; gpw;gLj;jg;gll nfhLg;gdTf;F mg;nghUis toq;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; ,lHghLfisj; jtpHg;gjw;fhf thbf;ifahshplk; chpa ghJfhg;Gf;fis Kd;itf;FkhW Nfl;fyhk;. nghJthf> epyq;fs;> eiffs;> Kohugh`; gj;jpuq;fs;> gq;Fg; gj;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; msT> epiw> gz;Gfs; Kjyhdtw;iw tiuaWj;J ngWkjpia epHzapf;fj;jf;f mirAk; mirahr; nrhj;Jf;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw ghJfhg;Gf;fhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

,];yhkpa tq;fpapd; ,e;j Kuhg`h tpahghu eltbf;if \hPmj; jil nra;Js;s ''jd;dplk; ,y;yhj nghUis xU nghUis tpw;gJ"" Nghd;wjhf mika khl;lhJ. Vnddpy; ,r;nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ tq;fp jd;dplk; ,y;yhj nghUis tpw;ftpy;iy. Kjypy; tq;fp Fwpg;gpl;l nghUis thq;f tpUk;Gk; thbf;ifahshpd; jdpg;gl;l Nfs;tpg; gj;jpuj;ijNah> tpz;zg;gj;ijNah nghWg;Ngw;W my;yJ thbf;ifahsH jhdhf jhd; nfhs;tdT nra;a tpUk;Gk; nghUs; rk;ge;jkhf mjd; tpw;gidahsUld; Nguk; Ngrp ,zq;fpf; nfhz;l tpguf; Nfhitia () nghWg;Ngw;W mg;nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;J jdJ clikahf khw;Wk;. mjd; gpd;dNu mjid jdJ thbf;ifahsUf;F kPs; tpw;gid nra;Ak;.

,e;j tpahghu elj;ijapd; Clhf ,];yhkpa tq;fp ngWk; ,yhgk; epahakhdJk; rl;lG+HtkhdJkhFk;. ''jdJ nghWg;gpy; my;yJ chpikapy; ,y;yhj xU nghUis tpw;W ,yhgk; rk;ghjpf;f KbahJ"" vd;w \hPmj;jpd; rl;l tpjpf;Fk; ,J cl;glkhl;lhJ. Vnddpy; ,e;j tpahghur; nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ tq;fp Fwpg;gpll nghUisf; nfhs;tdT nra;J jdJ KOikahd chpikahf khw;wpajd; gpd;dH jhd; mg;nghUspd; nfhs;tpiyAld; mjw;fhd nfhs;tdTr; nryT my;yJ ,wf;Fkjpr; nryT mjid kPs; tpw;gid nra;fpd;w nghOJ jhd; vjpHghHf;fpd;w ,yhgj; njhif Mfpatw;iwf; $l;b Gjpjhf tpiy itj;J thbf;ifahsUf;F tpw;gid nra;Ak;.

,t;thW tq;fp mg;nghUisf; Fwpg;gpl;l thbf;ifahsUf;F kPs; tpw;gid nra;J mjid mthplk; xg;gilf;F Kd;dH mjpy; VJk; Nrjq;fs; my;yJ mopTfs; cz;lhdhy; mjd; %yk; Vw;gl;l KO e\;lj;ijAk; tq;fpNa nghWg;Ngw;Fk;.21 ,jpy; thbf;ifahsH ve;j tifapYk; gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;ba fl;lhak; fpilahJ.