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,];yhk; mikjpiaAk; rhe;jpiaAk; rkhjhdj;ijAk;
Nghjpf;fpd;w gpd;gw;Wfpd;w khHf;fkhFk;.> vdNt ,];yhkhdJ jPtputhjj;ij
Mjhpg;gJkpy;iy mtw;iw Cf;fg;gLj;JtJkpy;iy. ,iwtd; jd; jpUkiwapNy $Wfpd;whd;:
(tpRthrpfNs!) khHf;f (tp\a)j;jpy; cq;fSld; vjpHj;Jg; NghhplhkYk;> cq;fs;
,y;yq;fspypUe;J cq;fis ntspNaw;whkYk; ,Ue;jhHfN;s mj;jifNahUf;F ePq;fs;
ed;ik nra;tijAk;> mtHfs;ghy; ePq;fs; ePjkhf ele;J nfhs;tijAk; my;yh`;
cq;fSf;Fj; jLf;ftpy;iy: epr;rakhf my;yh`; ePjp nra;Nthiu Nerpf;fpd;whd;.
(my;FHMd;> 60-8).
K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; Nghhpd; NghJ NghH tPuHfs;> ngz;fisAk;> Foe;ijfisAk;
nfhiy nra;tijj; jil nra;jpUe;jhHfs;. ek;gpf;if JNuhfk; nra;ahjPHfs;> tuk;G
kPwp elf;fhjPHfs;>; gpwe;j Foe;ijfisf; nfhy;yhjPHfs; vd;Wk; mwpTiu $wp
,Uf;fpd;whHfs;. NkYk;> K];ypk;fshfpa cq;fSld; xg;ge;jk; nra;Js;stid ePq;fs;
nfhiy nra;jPHfshdhy;> nrhHf;fj;jpd; thiliaf; $l cq;fshy; EfHe;J ghHf;f
KbahJ> me;j nrhHf;fj;jpd; Rfe;jkhdJ ehw;gJ Mz;Lfs; kzk; tPrf; $baJ vd;Wk;
mwpTiu $wpAs;shHfs;.
(Ehy;fs; : K];ypk; `jP]; vz; : 1744> kw;Wk; ]`P`; Gfhhp> `jP]; vz; : 3015).
(Ehy;fs; : K];ypk; `jP]; vz; : 1731> kw;Wk; jpHkpjp> `jP]; vz; : 1408).
(Ehy;fs; : ,g;D kh[h `jP]; vz; : 2686> kw;Wk; ]`P`; Gfhhp> `jP]; vz; :
3166).
neUg;gpypl;L xUtDf;F jz;lid toq;FtijAk; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; jil
nra;Js;shHfs;. (Ehy; : mG jhT+j; `jP]; vz; : 2675).
xU Kiw mtHfs;> xU kdpjiuf; nfhiy nra;tij ,uz;lhtJ tifg; ngUk;ghtq;fspy;
Kjd;ikahdJ vdf;$wp kWikf;Fg; gpd; cs;s epahaj; jPHg;G ehisg; gae;J
nfhs;SkhWk;> md;iwa jpdk; Kjy; tprhuizahf ,uz;L egHfSf;fpklNa ,uj;jk;
rpe;jpaJ rk;ge;jg;gl;l tof;Ffs; jhd; tprhhpf;fg;gl;L jPHg;G toq;fg;gLk; vd;W
K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. (Ehy;fs; : K];ypk; `jP]; vz; : 1678> kw;Wk;
]`P`; Gfhhp> `jP]; vz; : 6533).
tpyq;fpdq;fisf; $l ,uf;fKld; elj;JkhWk;> mitfisr; rpj;jputij nra;tjpdpd;Wk;
jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;SkhWk;> kf;fis K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; Cf;fg;gLj;jpAs;shHfs;. xU
ngz;kzp xU G+idiaf; fl;bg;Nghl;L czNtJk; nfhLf;fhky; me;jg; G+idiar; rhfbj;j
Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mts; eufj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;lhs;. Vnddpy; mts; me;jg; G+idf;F
czNth> ePNuh vijAk; nfhLf;fTk; ,y;iy> jhdhfr; nrd;W G+kpapy; CHe;J jphpAk;
G+r;rpfisf; $l jd;Dila ,iuahf Njbf; nfhs;s mts; mDkjpf;fTk; ,y;iy> me;jf;
Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mts; eufj;ij mile;jhs;. (Ehy;fs; : K];ypk; `jP]; vz; : 2422>
kw;Wk; ]`P`; Gfhhp> `jP]; vz; : 2365).
xU jhfKs;s eha;f;F xUtd; jz;zPH mUe;jf; nfhLj;j fhuzj;jhy;> mtd; nrhHf;fj;ij
mile;jhd;. mg;nghOJ K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfsJ NjhoHfs; Nfl;lhHfs;>
tpyq;fpdq;fsplk; ,uf;fk; fhl;bdhYkh ehk; nrhHf;fj;jpw;Fr; nry;Nthk; vdf;
Nfl;lhHfs;. capUs;stw;wpYk;> kdpjHfsplj;jpYk; ,uf;fk; fhl;Ltjhy;> mjw;fhd
ew;$yp ,Uf;fpd;wJ> vd;W K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. (Ehy;fs; : K];ypk;
`jP]; vz; : 2244> kw;Wk; ]`P`; Gfhhp> `jP]; vz; : 2466).
NkYk;> czTf;fhf xU gpuhzpapiz mWf;Fk; NghJ mjd; rpukj;ij> Ntjidia
vspjhf;Fq;fs;>*; vd;W K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. mjhTJ> cq;fspy; xUtH xU
gpuhzpia mWf;fg; NghFk; NghJ mtw;iw ey;y Kiwapy; mWq;fs;. mWf;ff; $ba
MAjq;fshd fj;jp Nghd;wtw;iw ed;F jPl;bf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W K`k;kJ (]y;)
mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. (Ehy;fs; : K];ypk; `jP]; vz; : 1955> kw;Wk; jpHkpjp> `jP];
vz; : 1409).
jpUkiwf; FHMd; kw;Wk; K`k;kJ (]y;) mtHfspd; nghd;nkhopfspd;gbAk;>
epuhAjghzpfshdtHfspd; ,jaq;fisj; jpLf;fplr; nra;Ak; msTf;F mtHfisg; gaj;jpy;
Mo;j;JtJk;> nghJkf;fspd; FbapUg;Gf;fs;> nrhj;Jf;fis mopg;gJk;> xd;WNk mwpahj
ngz;fisAk;.> Foe;ijfisAk; fz;zp ntbnfhz;Lk;> VTfizfs; nfhz;Lk; jhf;fp
mopg;gJk; (,j;jifa ehrfhu MAjq;fs; ahTk; ,d;W etPd cj;jpfSld;
INuhg;gpaHfshYk;> mnkhpf;fHfshYk;> ,];NuypaHfshYk; jhd; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L>
xd;Wkwpah kf;fspd; kPJ mtw;iw tPrp mtHfis mopj;J tUfpd;whHfs; vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ> ,e;j MAjq;fs; ahTk; K];ypk;fspd; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; my;y
vd;gijAk; Fwpg;gpl tpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk;. ,t;tsT ehrfhu MAjq;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L
,d;W K];ypk;fisj; jPtputhjpfs; vd ngha;g;gpur;rhuk; nra;J tUfpd;whHfs;
vd;gijAk; ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJk; mtrpakhFk;) ,];yhj;jpdhy; jil
nra;ag;gl;ljhFk;.. K];ypk;fs; ahtUk; md;igAk;> rhe;jpiaAk;> rkhjhdj;ijAk;>
fUiziaAk;> kd;dpj;jiyAk; fw;Wf; nfhLf;fpd;w xU kjj;ij my;yJ khHf;fj;ijg;
gpd;gw;wp tUgtHfs;> ,d;W xU rpy K];ypk;fs; nra;Ak; jtWfSf;Fk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fk;
ve;j tpj njhlHGk; fpilahJ> Mdhy; ngUk;ghd;ikahd K];ypk;fs; jPtputhjj;jpw;Fk;
mtHfSf;Fk; ve;jtpj njhlHGk; ,y;yhky; tho;e;J tUfpd;whHfs; vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. jdpg;gl;l tifapy; xU K];ypk; jPtputhjj;Jld; jd;idj;
njhlHGgLj;jpf; nfhs;thNuahdhy;> mtH ,];yhj;jpd; ghHitapy;> ,];yhkpar;
rl;lq;fisg; Gwe;js;spa Fw;wj;jpw;Fk;> mij kPwpa Fw;wj;jpw;Fk; Mshd
Fw;wthspahthH.
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