,Jjhd; cz;ik!

Gjpjhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l tpQ;Qhd cz;ikfs; jpUf;Fh;MdpYk; egpnkhopfspYk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;litfs;

;thdtpapy; gw;wpa cz;ikfs;

jpUf;Fh;Md; KO cyfj;jpw;Fk; epidT+l;lf; $ba Ntjk; vd;W my;yh`; mtDila Ntjj;jpy; njspthf;Ffpd;whd;:

'',J cynfq;fSf;nfy;yhk; epidT+l;Lk; NtjNkad;wp Ntwy;y.  epr;rakhf (rpwpJ) fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH> ePq;fs; ,jd; cz;ikiaj; jpl;lkhf mwpe;J nfhs;tPHfs;."" (jpUf;Fh;Md; 38:88)

,t;thwhf jpUf;Fh;Md; ,Wjp Neuk; tiu kdpjh;fSf;F epidT+l;b tUk; xU NtjkhFk;. mt;tg;nghOJ kdpjd; fz;L gpbg;gitfisg; gw;wpa jfty;fis mJ cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.  Vnddpy;> my;yh`; $wpaJ Nghy;> ,e;jf; Fh;Md; my;;yh`;tpd; mwptpypUe;J ,wf;fg;gl;lJ. mjpy; cs;s xt;nthU trdKk; my;;yh`;tpd; mwpT nfhz;L ,wf;fg;gl;lJ.

my;;yh`; rhl;rp $Wfpd;whd;:  ckf;F mDg;gpapUg;gij mtd; jd;Dila nrhe;j mwptpypUe;J mDg;gpAs;shd;. (jpUf;Fh;Md;  4:166)

xt;nthU trdj;jpYk; ,iw Qhdk; cs;sJ. Mdhy; kdpj ,dk; rpwpJ rpwpjhfj;jhd; mij mwpe;J tUfpd;wJ. kdpj ,dk; cah; kl;lj;jpYs;s mwptpay; mwpit milAk; NghJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdj;jpYs;s ,iw Qhdj;ij tpsq;Fk; rf;jpia mJ ngWfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhf> ,e;j trdk; my;;;;yh`;thy; ,wf;fg;gl;lJjhd; vd;W mwpe;J nfhs;fpd;wJ. vg;nghOJk; njhlh;e;J Vw;gl;L tUk; kdpj Kd;Ndw;wk;> tsh;r;rp Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; xt;nthU trdkhf njhlh;e;J Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; mwpit mtd; ngWthd;. ,t;thwhf kdpj ,dk; njhlh;e;J NkYk; NkYk; gy trdq;fis Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk;.  ,J jpUf;Fh;Mdpd; jdpg;gl;l mw;Gjj;jd;ikahFk;.

Nguhrphpah; Mh;k;];l;uhq; mth;fs; mnkhpf;fhtpd; eh]htpy; (-NASA) gzp Ghpfpd;whh;.  eh]h vd;gJ NjrPa tpkhd Xl;Lk; fiy kw;Wk; tpz;ntsp eph;thfk; vd;gjhFk;. (-National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration). mq;Nf mth; kpfTk; Gfo; ngw;w tpQ;Qhdp Mthh;. ehk; mtiur; re;jpj;J tpz;zpay; Fwpj;Jf; $Wk; gy jpUf;Fh;Md; trdq;fs; Fwpj;J mthplk; Nfs;tp Nfl;Nlhk;.  ,Uk;igf; Fwpj;Jk; mJ vt;thW cUthfpaJ vd;gJ Fwpj;Jk; mthplk; Nfl;Nlhk;. G+kpapy; cs;s xt;nthU nghUSk; vt;thW cz;lhfpaJ vd;W mth; tpsf;fpdhh;. mitfs; vt;tpjk; cz;lhfpd;wJ vd;gij mwptpayhsh;fs; kpfTk; rkPgj;jpy;jhd; fz;Lgpbj;jhh;fs; vd;W mth; $wpdhh;.  ,Uk;gpd; %yf;$iw cz;lhf;Fk; mstpw;F Muk;g fhy R+hpaf; FLk;gj;jpw;F NghJkhd rf;jp ,Ue;jpUf;ftpy;iy vd;W mth; $wpdhh;.

Fig. 16.1 Eagle Nebula

,Uk;gpd; xU mZit cz;lhf;f Ntz;ba rf;jpia fzf;fpl;lhy;> KO R+hpaf; FLk;gj;jpYk; ,Ue;jij tpl ehd;F klq;F mjpf rf;jp Ntz;bajpUe;jJ vd;W fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lJ.  NtW thh;j;ijfspy; nrhy;tjhdhy;> G+kp> re;jpud;> Gjd; my;yJ  kw;w ve;j Nfhs;fspYKs;s KO rf;jpAk; $l> Vd; KO R+hpaf; FLk;gKk; Nrh;e;J $l> xU ,Uk;gZit cUthf;f Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy;jhd; ,Uk;;ngd;gJ ntsp cyfj;jpypUe;J G+kpf;F mDg;gg;gl;ljhfj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W mwptpayhsh;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdh; Nguhrphpah; Mh;k;];l;uhq; mth;fs; $wpdhh;. mtUf;F jpUf;Fh;Mdpd; trdj;ij thrpj;Jf; fhz;gpj;Njhk;. 

,Uk;igAk; ehk; jhd; ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;. mjpy; fLk; mghaKkpUf;fpwJ. vdpDk; (mjpy;) kdpjHfSf;Fg; gy gad;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. (jpUf;Fh;Md; 57:25)

gpwF thdj;ijg;gw;wp mthplk; Nfl;Nlhk;. mjpy; VjhtJ gpsTfNsh my;yJ gs;sq;fNsh cs;sdth vd;W Nfl;Nlhk;. ehk; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUg;gJ tpz;zpaypy; xU gphpthd xUq;fpize;j thdk;|vd;gjhFk;. mij jw;fhyj;jpy;jhd; mwptpayhsh;fs; fz;L gpbj;jhh;fs; vd;W mth; nrhd;dhh;.  cjhuzj;jpw;F> ntspg;Gw thdpy; xU nghUs;;; VNjDk; xU jpir Nehf;fp xU Fwpg;gpl;l J}uk; tiu gwf;fpd;wJ. gpwF mNj J}uj;ij NtnwhU jpirapy; gwf;fpd;wJ vd;why;> (mjDila) fd vil vy;yh jpirfspYk; xNu khjphp ,Ug;gij fhz;gPh;fs;. Vnddpy; ,e;j cUtk; mjDila nrhe;j rk epiyia nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ vy;yh jpirapYKs;s mOj;jq;fs; xNu khjphpahf cs;sd. ,e;j rkepiy ,y;iynadpy;> KO gpugQ;rKNk Fiye;J tpLk;. jpUf;Fh;MdpYs;s my;yh`;tpd; trdj;ij ehd; epidT $h;e;Njd;:

mtHfSf;F NkypUf;Fk; thdj;ij ehk; vt;thW mij (xU fl;Lf; Nfhg;ghf) mikj;J> mij moF nra;J> mjpy; vt;tpj ntbg;GfSk; ,y;yhky; (Mf;fpapUf;fpd;Nwhk;) vd;gij mtHfs; ghHf;ftpy;iyah? (jpUf;Fh;Md; 50:6)

gpugQ;rj;jpd;; Nfhbia mila mwptpayhsh;fspd; Kaw;rpfisAk; mjpy; mth;fs; ntw;wpaile;jhh;fsh vd;gJ gw;wpAk; Nguhrphpah; Mh;k;];l;uhq; mth;fsplk; Nfl;Nlhk;.  gpugQ;rj;jpd; Nfhbia mila mth;fs; jPtPukhf Nghuhbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh; vd;W mth; $wpdhh;. gpugQ;rj;ij cw;W Nehf;f rf;jp tha;e;j rhjdq;fis ehq;fs; epWtpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. MdhYk; Gjpa el;rj;jpuq;fs; ek;Kila Nfyf;]pf;Fs;NsNa ,Ug;gijg;gjhd; vq;fshy; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. gpugQ;rj;jpd; Nfhbia ehq;fs; ,d;Dk; mila Kbatpy;iy. fPo;tUk; jpUf;Fh;Md; trdj;ij mth; mwpthh;:

md;wpAk;> jpl;lkhf ehNk (G+kpf;Fr;) rkPgkhf ,Uf;Fk; thdj;ij (el;rj;jpu) tpsf;Ffisf; nfhz;L myq;fhpj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;; ,d;Dk;> mtw;iw i\j;jhd;fis (ntUl;Lk;) vwp fw;fshfTk; ehk; Mf;fpNdhk;;. (jpUf;Fh;md; 67:5)

cz;ikapy; ,e;j el;rj;jpuq;fs; midj;Jk; fPo; thdj;jpw;fhd myq;fhuq;fNs. mwptpayhsh;fs; gpugQ;rj;jpd; filrpia mile;jpltpy;iy vd;W mth; $Wfpd;whh;. G+kpapypUe;J njhiy Nehf;fp %yk; cw;W Nehf;Fk; NghJ J}RfshYk; kw;w Rw;Wr;R+oy; jilfshYk; rhpahf ftdpf;f Kbatpy;iy vd;Wk; ,jd; fhuzkhf> tpz;ntspapy; NkYk; gy njhiyNehf;fp epiyaq;fis epWTtJ gw;wp mthfs; rpe;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gjhfTk; $wpdhh;. xspia cgNahfpf;Fk; tp\d; njhiy Nehf;fpfs; ePz;l J}uq;fs; nry;y ,ayhjit. MfNt NkYk; njhpAk; tifapy;> mitfis mfw;wp tpl;L tpl;L> NubNah %yk; ,af;fg;gLk; njhiy Nehf;fpfis itj;Njhk;. MapDk; ,d;Dk; ehq;fs; vy;iyf;Fs;Nsjhd; cs;Nshk; vd;whh; mth;.  mtUf;F ,e;j trdj;ij ehd; Fwpg;gpl;Nld;:

gpd;Dk; (xU Kiw) ghHitia kPl;bg;ghH! (mt;thdq;fspy;) VjhtJ XH gpsit fhz;fpwhah? gpd;dH ,UKiw cd; ghHitia kPl;bg;ghH; cd; ghHit fisj;J> kOq;fpr; rpWikaile;J cd;dplk; jpUk;Gk;.

xt;nthU KiwAk; Nguhrphpah; Mh;k;];l;uhq; mth;fs; xU mwptpay; cz;ikia $Wk; NghJ mJ rk;ge;jkhd jpUf;Fh;Md; trdj;ij mtUf;F vLj;Jf; fhz;gpj;Njhk;. mitfs; midj;Jk; rhpnad mth; xg;Gf; nfhz;lhh;;. gpd;G ehk; mthplk; Nfl;Nlhk;: kdpjh;fshy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;l etPd fUtpfs;> uhf;nfl;Lfs;> tpz;ntspf; fg;gy;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; cjtp nfhz;L etPd tpz;zpaypd; cz;ikahd ,ay;ig jhq;fs; ghh;j;Jk; fz;Lgpbj;Jk; cs;sPh;fs;. ,Nj cz;ikfs; jpUf;Fh;Mdhy; 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sijAk; jhq;fs; fz;Bh;fs;.  MfNt ,J gw;wp jq;fspd; fUj;J vd;d?

mth;; $wpdhh;: ek;Kila ciuahly; njhlq;fpajpypUe;Nj ehd; rpe;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; rpf;fyhd Nfs;tp mJjhd;. Guhjhd Fwpg;Gf;fspy; rpy ve;j mstpw;F etPd tpz;zpaYld; xj;Jg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J ehd; kpfTk; Gy;yhpj;Jg; NghNdd;. 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; epytp $+o;epiyfs; gw;wp (mjhtJ mth;fSf;F ve;j mstpw;F tpz;zpay; gw;wpa mwpT ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ gw;wp) KOikahfTk; ek;Gk; tifapYk; vLj;Jf; $Wk; mstpw;F NghJkhd epGzj;Jtk; ngw;w khdpl rhpj;jpuk; gapd;w rhpj;jpu mwpQuy;y ehd;.

epr;rakhf> ehd; ,q;F fz;lJ kpf kpf Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gij $wpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;. mjw;F mwptpay; tpsf;fk; ,Uf;fyhk; my;yJ ,y;yhkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ekf;Fj; njhpe;j kdpj czh;TfSf;F mg;ghYs;s VNjh xd;Wjhd; ehk; fz;l ,e;j trdq;fs;; cUthtjw;F fhuzkhf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;; Neuj;jpy; mJ rk;ge;jkhf gjpyspg;gJ vd;Dila Nehf;fKk; my;y vd;Dila epyikAk; mJty;y. ehd; vij $w Ntz;Lnkd;W jhq;fs; tpUk;Gfpd;wPh;fNsh mij Fwpg;gpl;L $whkNyNa mJ gw;wp mjpfkhd thh;j;;;ijfis cjph;j;J tpl;Nld; vd;W ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd;. tpQ;Qhdp vd;w Kiwapy; Fwpg;ghd xU rpy Nfs;tpfis tpl;Lk; xJq;fpapUg;gJ vd;Dila flik vd;W ehd; fUJfpd;Nwd;. ePq;fs; tpUk;Gk; gjpiy KOikahf nfhLf;fhky; rw;W Fiwj;J ,j;Jld; epWj;jpf; nfhs;tJ ey;yJ vd;W ehd; fUJtJjw;F mJTk; xU fhuzk; vd;W ehd; epidf;fpd;Nwd;.

Mk;. gjpdhd;F E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd;G my;yh`;tpd; Ntjj;jpy; ,wf;fg;gl;l ,e;j mwpT egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fSf;F xU kdpj %yj;jpUf;F te;jpUf;f KbAk; vd;W epidg;gJ kpfTk; fbdkhdJ. mwptpayhsh;fs; jq;fspd; mwpitg; ngWk; kw;nwhU %yk; fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; thdq;fs; G+kp Mfpatw;wpd; ufrpaq;fis my;yh`; khj;jpuk;jhd; mwpthd;.  gy;NtW mwptpayhsh;fsplkpUe;J gy khehLfspy; ehk; fz;ltw;iwAk; Nfl;ltw;iwAk; vz;zpg; ghh;j;jhy; ehk; GjpanjhU rfhg;jj;jpd; Eiothapypy; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gij czh;e;J nfhs;syhk;.

kjKk; mwptpaYk; xd;iwnahd;W jOtpf; nfhs;Sk; fhykhFk; ,J. mjhtJ> cz;ikahd kjKk; cz;ikahd mwptpaYk;. me;j ,uz;Lf;FkpilNa ve;;j tpj Kuz;ghLk; ,Uf;f KbahJ NkYk; ve;j vjph;g;Gk; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. ,g;gbj;jhd; gy E}w;whz;Lfshf K];ypk; mwpQh;fs; KbT nra;Js;shh;fs;. mjhtJ> ,iw ntspg;ghl;bd; %yk; te;j> njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sg;gl;l xU cz;ik ep&gpf;fg;gl;l tpQ;Qhd cz;ikNahL Kuz;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaNk ,y;iy.  ehk; jw;nghOJ tpz;ntspf;Fg; Ngha; nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W mth;fs; nrhd;dhy;> mJ cz;ikjhd;> kjKk; mwptpaYk; ,ire;J NghFk; fhyk; ,Jjhd; vd;W ehk; mth;fsplk; $WNthk;. Mdhy; cz;ikahd mwptpw;Fk; cz;ik khh;f;fkhd ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNajhd; ,J elf;f KbAk;. me;j khh;f;fj;ijj;;;jhd; my;yh`; vy;yh tpjkhd ngha;ikfspypUe;Jk; khw;wq;fspypUe;Jk; fhj;Js;shd;.

Fig. 16.2