FHMdpd; xspapy; ,irAk; ghlYk;

,irf;F vjpuhf ,khk;fs;

;,khk; mG+ `dp/gh (u`;)

`dgp kj;`gpd; jPHg;Gg;gb ghLtJk; ,ir ,irg;gJk;> Nfl;gJk; ghtkhd nrayhFk;. NkYk;> mG `dp/gh mtHfspd; Neub khztHfs; ,ir Nghd;w Nfspf;iffspy; <LgLtijAk;> mjpy; Neuj;ij tpiuakhf;FtijAk;> fhw;iwf; nfhz;L Cjp ,irf;fg;gLk;> ,irf;fUtpfs;> kw;Wk; fQ;rpuh iff; nfhl;L kw;Wk; ,J Nghd;W cs;s midj;J ,irf; fUtpfis ,irg;gijAk;|NkYk; Fr;rpfisf; nfhz;L jl;b xyp vOg;GtijAk; jil nra;Js;shHfs;.

NkYk;> mt;thW jiliag; gpdgw;whky; ,Ug;gtd;> my;yh`;Tf;F fPo;g;gbtjdpd;Wk; mtd; jd;idj; jLj;Jf; nfhz;L ghtj;jpy; <LgLfpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;> mj;jifatdpd;d rhl;rpaj;ij js;Sgb nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; njhptpf;fpd;whHfs;.

NkYk;> K];ypk;fs; mj;jifa epiyfspy; ,Ue;J jk;ik KOikahf tpyf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; mj;jifa ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;f NeHe;jhNyh my;yJ me;j ,lj;ij flf;f NeHe;jhNyh> mj;jifa ghtkhd nray;fspy; jd;id <LgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjdpd;Wk;> me;j ,ir> ghliyf; Nfl;gjdpd;Wk; jd;idj; jtpHj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;> mjdpdpd;Wk; jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sg; NghuhlTk; Ntz;Lk;.

mG `dp/gh mtHfspd; neUq;fpa khztuhd mG A+R/g; $WfpwhH> ve;j tPl;by; ,irAk;> ghlYk; xypf;fpd;wNjh mj;jifa xyp miyfs; me;j tPl;bypUe;J tUkhdhy;> mj;jifa tPl;bDs; mDkjpapd;wp Eioayhk;.

Nkw;fz;l jPHg;gpd; tpsf;fk; ahnjdpy;> mt;thW tPl;bdhpd; mDkjpapd;wp cs;Ns EiotJ ,];yhj;jpy; jil nra;ag;gl;l nray;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mj;jifa nray; mt; tPl;lhhpd; Ra chpikiag; ghjpf;fr; nra;ag;gLtjw;fhf my;y. khwhf> mt;tPl;bdhpd; nray;fspypUe;J rKjhak; ghohtijj; jLg;gjd; nghUl;L> nra;ag;gLk; gyg;gpuNahfNk jtpu Ntwpy;iy. ,jd; %yk; rKjhak; eyd; nghUl;L> ,j;jifa jPa kdpjHfisj; jz;bg;gJ jtwhfhJ vd;w fUj;Jj; njspthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk; `dgp kj;`gpd; kw;w mwpQHfshd ,g;wh`pk; me;efaP> m]; ]h/gp> `k;khj; kw;Wk; mj; jt;hp MfpNahUk; Nkw;fz;l fUj;Jf;fis MNkhjpj;Js;sdH. My;-g];uhtpd; ,];yhkpa rl;lg; nghJf; FOTk; (General body of Jurisprudence) ,Nj fUj;ijj jhd; typAWj;jpAs;sJ.

(Stated by Abu-Theeb Taahir At-Tabari and Quoted in Al-Qurtubi’s Al-Jaamiili Ahkaamil Quran vol.14, P.55).

2. ,khk; khypf; (u`;):

,g;Dy; [t;]p mtHfs; mwptpg;gjhtJ : ,khk; khypf; gpd; md]; mtHfsplk; ,]hf; gpd; <]h mj;jghm vd;gtH> kjPdh kf;fs; ghLk; ghl;L gw;wpf; Nfl;l nghOJ> ,khk; mtHfs; epr;rakhf! ,J ghtpfshy; nra;af; $baJ vd;W gjpy; $wpdhHfs;.

MGj; jpg; mj; jghp mtHfs; $WtjhtJ : ,khk; khypf; mtHfisg; nghWj;jtiu> ghLtk; mijf; Nfl;gJk; jil nra;ag;gl;l xd;whFk;. NkYk;> ,khk; mtHfs; $wpajhf mtH $Wk; nghOJ> xUtd; xU mbikg; ngz;iz tpiy nfhLj;J thq;fpa gpd;> me;j mbikg; ngz; njhopy; Kiwg;ghlfpahf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> mtis thq;fpa egH> jhd; thq;fpa nghUspy; Fiw ,Ue;jhy; vt;thW tpw;w eghplk; jpUg;gpf; nfhLj;J tpLthNuh> mJ Nghy mthplk; mg; ngz;izj; jpUk;gf; nfhLj;J> gzj;ij kPl;bf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

(The previous sayings related to Maalik ware quoted from Ibnul-Jawzi’s TALBEES IBLEES, p.229.)

Nkw;fhZk; jilf;F MjuthfNt kjpdh mwpQHfs; nray;gl;Ls;shHfs;. Khypf; kj;`gpd; Ma;thsuhd my;-FHJgp mtHfs;> ,g;D Fit]; khd;jhj; vd;gtH $wpajhff; $WtjhtJ> ,khk; khypf; mtHfs; ,];yhkpaf; fy;tp fw;f Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;G tiu ghLtijAk; ,iriaAk; fw;wpUe;jhHfs;. Gpd;G mtHfs; ,];yhkpaf; fy;tp fw;w gpd; mtHfspd; fUj;J> ,irf;Fk; ghlYf;Fk; vjpuhf ,Ue;jJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ vd;fpwhHfs;. (Al-Jaami’li Ahkaamil Quraan vol.14. p.55)

NkYk; my; FHJgp mtHfs;> rpy rkq;fspy; ,khk; khypf; mtHfs; ghLtij mDkjpj;J cs;shHfs;.mjhtJ> fLikahd ciog;gpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; fisg;Gj; jPug; ghlg;gLk; ehl;Lg; Gwg; ghly;fs; kw;Wk; ML> khL> xl;lfk; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jdpahf Nka;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJk;> <Jg; ngUehs; jpUkzk; Nghd;w kfpo;r;rpfukhd Neuq;fspy; ghlg;gLk; ghly;fSf;Fk;> mj;Jld; rpW iff; nfhl;L mbj;Jg; ghLtjw;Fk; nghJthd mDkjpia toq;fpAs;shHfs;. ,e;j mDkjp ,d;w ghlg;gLk; ghly;fSf;Fk;> ,irf;Fk; nghUe;jhJ vd;gijf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;f. NkYk;> ,d;iwa ,iria Mjhpj;Jg; NgRgtHfs;> #gpj;Jtf; nfhs;ifapd; jhf;fj;jhy; NgRfpwhHfNs xopa> cz;ikahd Rd;dhitg; gpd;gw;Wtjhy; my;y. mj;jifatHfs; nra;tJ ,];yhj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s etPdk; (gpj;mj;) tifiar; rhHe;jJk;> ,];yhj;jpdhy; jil nra;ag;gl;lJkhFk;. (Al-Jaami’li Ahkaamil Quran vol.14. p.54)

3) ,khk; \hgp< (u`;):

mjhGy; fjh vDk; Ehypy;> ,khk; \hgp< mtHfs;> epr;rakhf ghly; vd;gJ ntWf;fj;jf;fJ (kf;&`;) vd;W $wpajhf gjpag;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> vtH xUtH ,jpy; mbf;fb <LgLfpwhNuh mtH jFjpaw;w Kl;lhs;jdkhd nraypy; <LgLfpwhH. NkYk; mj;jifatUila rhl;rpaj;ij Vw;fhJ js;Sgb nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

,g;D `[H my; I`jkP mtHfs; \hgp< kj;`gpd; mwpQuhd my; `hhpj; my; K`h]pgp mtHfs; $Wtjhff; $WtJ vd;dntdpy;> jhdhfr; nrj;j gpuhzpia mjd; khkprj;ij (Maytah) cz;gJ vt;thW ,];yhkpar; rl;lj;jpdhy; `uhkhf Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjh mNj Nghy ghlYk; jil nra;ag;gl;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

NkYk; \hgp< kj;`g; mwpQuhd mH-u/gp< vd;gtUila Ehyhd m]; ]H`{y; fgPH - y; ghLtJ vd;gJ `uhk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk;> Nkw;fz;l $w;iw ,khk; ettP mtHfspd; ut;jh vDk; Ehy; rl;l mq;fPfhuk; toq;fp> Nkw;fz;l mwpQHfspd; $w;iw gyg;gj;jp cs;sJ. (Kuffar Ra’aa- p.61)

4) ,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D `k;gy; (u`;):

`k;gyp kj;`gpd; mwpQUk;> jpUkiw tphpTiuahsuhd mGy; /gu[; ,g;Dy; [t;]p mtHfspd; jy;gP]; ,g;yP]; vDk; Ehy;> ,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D `k;gy; mtHfspd; epiyia njspthf tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ,khk; m`;kj; ,g;D `k;gy; mtHfs; fhyj;jpy;> nghJthf ghl;Lf;fs; nkl;Lf;fSld;> uhfj;Jld; ghlg;gl;L te;jJ. Me;jg; ghly;fs; ahTk; kf;fis ,iwar;rk; cilNahuhf Mf;fTk;> mjd;ghy; jk; tho;f;ifia Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; Jhz;L Nfhyhf mika ghlg;gLtjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> rpy ghlfHfs; mOFzHr;rpf;fhfTk;> jhs yaj;Jf;fhTk;> tHzidfisf; (qasaaiduz zuhd) $l;b ghLk; NghJ> ,j;jifa ghly;fs; ghLtjw;fhd mDkjpAld;> ,khk; m`;kj ,g;D `k;gy; mtHfs; fUj;J NtWghL nfhs;fpd;whHfs;.

,khk; m`;kj; mtHfspd; kfDk;> khzhf;fUk; Mfpa mg;Jy;yh mtHfs; jdJ je;ij $wpajhff; $WtjhtJ> ghly;fs; vd;gJ xUtdJ kdj;jpy; fgl vz;zj;ij tpijf;fpd;wJ.

NkYk;> kw;nwhU mwpQuhd> ,];khaPy; gpd ,];`hf; mj; jfgp mtHfs; $WtjhtJ> xUtH ghly;fis nrtpAWtJ my;yJ Nfl;gJ rk;ge;jkhf ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfsplk; Nfs;tp vOg;gpa NghJ> mij ehd; ntWf;fpd;Nwd;> NkYk;> mJ xU Gjpdk; (gpj;mj;) MfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd gjpyspj;jhHfs;. NkYk;> mj;jifa ,lj;jpy; ghLgtHfSld; cl;fhuTk; $lhJ vd;whHfs; vd jfgp mtHfs; mwptpf;fpd;whHfs;.

NkYk;> mGy; `hhpj; vd;w mwpQH ,khk;m`;kj; mtHfs; $wpajhff; $WtjhtJ> ,iwtdpd; Qhgfj;ij tpl;Lk; kwf;fbf;ff; $ba tifapy; ,irAk;> ghlYkhf> Ml;lKk;  ,it Nghd;wtw;wpy; (At-Tahyeer) <LgLtJ gpj;mj; MFk;. NkYk;> ,jpy; <LgLgtHfsplk; Nfl;Fk; NghJ> vq;fis czHr;rpAlDk;> ,jaj;ij ,jkhf Mf;fTk; ,it gad;gLfpwJ vdTk; $WthHfs;. ,j;jifa nray;fs; gpj;mj; MFk; vd;W ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfs; $Wtjhf mGy; `hhpj; mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whHfs;.

NkYk;> ah$g; my; `h]pkp mtHfs; ,khk; m`;kj; $Wtjhff; $WtjhtJ : mj;jf;aPH vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; Gjpjhf cUthf;fg;gl;l etPdk; gpj;mj; MFk; vd;whHfs;. NkYk;> ahf;$g; gpd; fa;ahj; vd;gtH ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfs; $Wtjhff; $WtjhtJ> mj; jf;aPH - I nrtpkLg;gJ vd;gJ jil nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba xd;W vd;fpwhHfs;.

,g;Dy; [t;]p mtHfs; fPo;f;fhZk; mGgf;fH my; fy;yhy; kw;Wk; ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfs; ftpij ghLtjw;F vjpuhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;fpw fUj;JilatHfshf ,Ue;jhHfs; vd;gijf; fPo;f;fhZk; nra;jpapd; njhlHigf; nfhz;L Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH>

mjhtJ> ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfs; xU ghlfH ghbf; nfhz;bUg;gij nrtpAw;W> mtHfs; mr; nray; gw;wpf; fbe;J nfhs;stpy;iy. ,jw;F Mjhukh fPo;f;fhZk; nra;jpiaf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shHfs;. Ehd; vdJ je;ijahfpa ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfsplk; je;ijNa! XUtH ghbf; nfhz;bUg;gijf; Nfl;Lk; mij ePq;fs; tpkHrk; nra;atpy;iy. mijj; jilAk; nra;atpy;iy vd tpdtpa nghOJ> ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfs;> mtHfs; fz;ldj;jpw;Fhpa ntWf;fj;jf;f nraiyr; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whHfs;. mjdhy; mij ntWf;fpd;Nwd;. Vd;idg; nghWj;jtiu mjpy; ehd; tpUg;gkw;wtdhfTk; ,y;iy vd gjpyspj;jjhf ,khk; mtHfspd; kfdhH ]hyp`; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

Nkw;fz;l fUj;ij kWf;FKfkhf> mwpQH ,g;Dy; [t;]p mtHfs; fPo;f;fz;l fUj;ij Kd;itf;fpd;whHfs;.

MjhtJ> `k;gyp kj;`gpy; cs;s rpy mwpQHfshd> mGgf;fH my; fy;yhy; kw;Wk; mg;Jy; m[P]; Nghd;NwhH ghLt()ij mDkjpj;Js;sdH. ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fs; vy;yhk;> md;iwa mtHfs;J fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; JhJ gw;wpAk;> Gdpjg; NghH gw;wpAk; ,aw;wg;gl;l Md;kPfg; ghly;fisj; jhd; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. Mjhdy; jhd; ,j;jifa ghly;fis ,khk; m`;kj; mtHs; ntWf;fhky; ,Ue;Js;shHfs; vd;gij czHe;J nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. ,khk; mtHfs;> rpy ftpijfs;> ghly;fs;> fijfs; Nghd;wit ,ir fyf;fhky; ghlg;gLtijf; fz;Zw;Wk; mij mtHfs; jil nra;atpy;iy vd midj;J mwpQHfSk; fUj;Jj; njhptpj;Js;sdH. NkYk;> fPo;f;fhZk; epfo;r;rp %yk; ,khk; mtHfs; ,ir> ghlYf;F vjpuhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs; vd tpsq;f Kbfpd;wJ.

MjhtJ> jd; je;ij ,we;j gpd;>jdf;fhf tpl;Lg; Nghd nrhj;jpy; xU mbikg; ghlfpAk; ,Uf;f> me;j mbikg; ngz;iz kfdhdtH tpw;f tpUk;gp> ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfsplk; MNyhrid Nfl;fpwhH. Mjw;F gjpyspf;FKfkhf ,khk; mtHfs;> me;j mbikg; ngz; ghlfp vDk; Kiwapy; mtsJ tpiy kjpg;G Kg;gJ Mapuk; jpH`k;fs;. MNj Neuj;jpy; ghlfp my;yhj mbikg; ngz; vDk; gl;rj;jpy; mtsJ tpiy kjpg;G ntWk; ,UgJ jpdhH kl;LNk. NkYk;. mtis xU rhjhuz mbikg; ngz; vDk; Kiwapy; jhd; tpw;f Ntz;Lk; vd mwpTWj;jpdhHfs;. Vnddpy;> mts; ,];yhkpa Md;kPfg; ghliyg; ghltpy;iy|* khwhf> mts; Gide;Jiuf;fg;gl;l xUtiug; Gfo;e;J ghlf; $ba ghliyg; ghLtjhy;> mtis rhjuz epiyapy; jhd; tpw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ,khk; mtHfspd; fUj;jhdJ> ehk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l jiyg;Gf;F rhpahd Mjukhfj; jpfOfpd;wJ.

* gpw Mz;fisf; ftUk; tz;zk; ngz;fs; jq;fsJ Fuiy caHj;jpg; NgRtJk;> Fiye;J NgRtJk; jLf;fg;gl;lJ. Ngz;fspd; kiwthd (mt;uj;) gFjpfshf mtHfsJ Fuy; XirAk; mlq;fpAs;sJ vd;gJ mwpQHfspd; fUj;jhFk;.(MH)

NkYk; ,jd; %yk; ghLtJ vd;gJ `uhkhdJ vd;gJk;> mj;jifa nray;fs; %yk; nghUsPl;LtJk;> mijr; nrhj;jhfr; NrHj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljy;y.

,ijNa `k;gyp kj;`k; khHf;f mwpQuhd my;-kpHth]p mtHfs;> kdij trPfhpf;ff; $ba mstpy; ghlf; $ba ghly;fisg; ghLgtH jtwhdnjhU nraiyr; nra;fpd;whH. Vnddpy;> mtH ,];yhkpa Md;kPfg; ghly;fisg; ghltpy;iy. khwhf> mij tplf; fPohdnjhU ,];yhj;jpd; tuk;Gf;Fs; tuhj Gide;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ghly;fisNa ghLfpwhH.

Nkw;fz;l Ma;Tfspd; Kbthf ,g;Dy; [t;]p mtHfs; $WtJ vd;dntd;why;> ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfspd; KbT xU rkaj;jpy; ghlYf;F MjuthfTk;> ,d;DnkhU rkaj;jpy; mjw;F vjpuhfTk; cs;s epfo;thdJ> ghlf;$ba ghlypd; juj;ijg; nghWj;J khWghlilfpwJ vd;gij czu Kbfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,irAld; $ba ghly;fs; ,khk; m`;kj; mtHfspd; fUj;jpw;fpzq;f jil nra;ag;gl;litNa vd;w KbTf;F ek;khy; ntF ,yFthf tu Kbfpd;wJ vd;gij czu Ntz;Lfpd;Nwhk;. (Talbees Iblees pp-228-229)