1. `[; gazk;.

2. `[;[pd; tiffs;.

3. ,`;uhk; Mil mzpjy;

4. ,`;uhkpd; NghJ (mDkjpAk; - tpyf;fg;gl;lJk;)

5. jy;gpah XJjy;.

6. jth/Gy; FJhk;> ]aP nra;jy;

8. kjPdh gazk;.

`[;> ck;uh gaz Kiwfs;

,];yhj;jpd; kpfKf;fpaf; flik `[;. ,ijg; gw;wp my;yh`; $Wk; NghJ

`[;i[Ak; ck;uhitAk; ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;fhf epiwNtw;Wq;fs; (2:196) vd;Wk;:

''mq;F nry;tjw;Fhpa ghijapy; gazk; nra;ar; rf;jp ngw;wpUf;Fk; kdpjHfSf;F my;yh`;Tf;fhf mt;tPL (f/gh) nrd;W `[; nra;tJ flikahFk;. Mdhy; vtNuDk; ,ij epuhfhpj;jhy; (mjdhy; my;yh`;Tf;Ff; FiwNaw;glhJ. Vnddpy;) epr;rakhf my;yh`; cyfj;jpdH vtH NjitAk; mw;wtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;'' vd;Wk; (3:97tJ trdj;jpy;) Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.

1. `[; gazk; :

`[; clyhYk;> nghUshYk;> kdjhYk; epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba Gdpjg; gazk; MFk;. vdNt kw;w ey;ywq;fisr; nra;Ak; NghJ ekJ kdij vg;gbj; J}a;ikahf itj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;NwhNkh mt;thNw `[; nra;Ak; NghJk; itj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

kf;fh nrd;W tu clyhYk;> nghUshYk; rf;jp ngw;wtUf;Nf `[; flikahFk;> ngz;fshf ,Ue;jhy; cly;> nghUs; rf;jp ,Ug;gJld; gazj;jpy; jf;f (Mz;) Jiz ,Ue;jhy; jhd; flikahFk;. ,Jgw;wpg; ngz;fspd; gazk; fl;Liuapy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nghUshjhuj;ij `[; gazj;jpd;NghJ ehk; mjpfk; nrytpLtjhy; mg;nghUshjhuk; khHf;fk; mDkjpf;fpd;w ey;topapy; <l;lg;gl;ljhfTk;> Kiwahf nghUs;thpahd [fhj; nfhLf;fg; gl;ljhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwpy;yhky; jtwhd topapy; nghUsPl;b vj;jid `[; nra;jhYk; mJ gadspf;fhJ.

''my;yh`;tpd; kPJk; ,Wjp ehspd; kPJk; MjuT itj;J> my;yh`;it mjpfk; jpahdpg; NghUf;F epr;rakhf my;yh`;tpd; J}jhplk; XH mofpa Kd;khjphp cq;fSf;F ,Uf;fpwJ'' vd;W my;yh`; 33:21tJ trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;. vdNt njhOifahf ,Ue;jhYk;> `[; Nghd;w tzf;f topghLfshf ,Ue;jhYk; 'mofpa Kd;khjphp' vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLk; egp(]y;) mtHfspd; top Kiwg;gbNa nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W njspthf mwpayhk;.

mq;Nf xw;Wik epyt Ntz;Lk;. nts;isaH> fUg;gH> jkpoH> Mq;fpNyaH vd;w ghFghLfisnay;yhk; fise;J xNu Neuj;jpy;> xNu ,lj;jpy; xNu ,yl;rpaj;Jld; nra;ag;gLk; XH cahpa tzf;f topghlhFk;. ehd; ,tiug; gpd;gw;Wgtd;; ,g;gbj;jhd; ,ijr; nra;Ntd;. ehd; mtiug; gpd;gw;Wgtd;. vd;W Ntw;Wik ghuhl;lf; $lhJ. egptopapd; gb `[; ck;uh vt;thW nra;a Ntz;Lk;? vd;gijr; RUf;fkhfg; ghHg;Nghk;.

2. `[;[pd; tiffs;:

1 `[; jkj;J/

2 `[; fpuhd;

3 `[; ,/g;uhj;

,`;uhk; fl;Lk; NghJ ehk; ve;j tifahd `[; nra;fpd;NwhNkh mjw;F Vw;g epa;aj; nkhopa Ntz;Lk;.

`[; jkj;J/:

`[;[{ila khjq;fspy; yg;iyf;f ck;ujd; vd;W $wp ck;uhTf;F kl;Lk; vy;iyapy; ,`;uhk; fl;b kf;fh nrd;W ck;uhit epiwNtw;wp tpl;L ,`;uhkpypUe;J tpLgl Ntz;Lk;> ,`;uhk; mzpahj rhjhuz epiyapy; mtH kf;fhtpy; jq;fpapUe;J Jy;`[; vl;lhk; ehs; mtH ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpNyNa `[;[{f;fhf ,`;uhk; mzpe;J> `[; k;hpiafis epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F `[; jkj;J/ vd;W ngaH. ,tH gj;jhk; ehsd;W FHghdp nfhLg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

,tH ck;uhTf;F ,`;uhk; mzpAk; NghJ yg;iyf;f ck;ujd; vd;W $wpAk; Jy;`[; vl;lhk; ehsd;W yg;iyf;f `[;[d; vd;Wk; $wp ,`;uhk; fl;l Ntz;Lk;.

`[; fpuhd;:

`[;[{f;fhd khjq;fspy; `[;> ck;uh ,uz;ilAk; NrHj;Jr; nra;tjw;fhf vy;iyapy; yg;iyf;f `[;[d; ck; tkujd; vd;W $wp ,`;uhk; fl;bf; nfhz;lhy; mJ `[; fpuhd;- (fpuhd;-NrHj;jy;) vd;W $wg;gLk;. ,t;thW ,`;uhk; fl;batH kf;fhit te;jile;J jthGy; FJ}k;-epiwNtw;wpa gpd; ,`;uhikf; fisahky; ,Ue;J Jy;`[; vl;lhk; ehs; Kjy; `[;[pd; k;hpiafisj; njhlHe;J epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. jdpahf ck;uh nra;a Ntz;bajpy;iy.

`[; ,/g;uhj;

`[;[{f;fhf kl;Lk; yg;iyf;f `[;[d; vd;W $wp epa;aj; nrhy;Yjy;. ,tH Jy;`[; gj;jhk; ehs; FHghdp nfhLf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy.

kf;fhtpy; trpg;gtH vg;NghJk; mq;NfNa ,Ug;gjhy; ehba Neuj;jpy; ck;uhr; nra;ayhk;. vdNt kf;fhtpy; trpg;gtHfSf;F `[; ,/g;uhj; Vw;wjhFk;. kw;wtHfs; ,k;%d;W tiffspy; vij tpUk;GfpwhNuh mijr; nra;ayhk;.

`[;[{f;fhf ,`;uhk; mzpa Ntz;ba fhyk;.:

Jy;`[; khjk; vl;lhk; ehspypUe;J `[;[pd; fphpiafs; Muk;gkhfpd;wd. vdpDk; mjw;F ,uz;L khjq;fSf;F Kd;dNu `[;[{f;fhf ,`;uhk; fl;lyhk;.

''`[;[{f;Fhpa fhyk; mwpag;gl;l rpy khjq;fshFk;'' vd;W my;yh`; $wpAs;shd;. (my;FHMd; 2:197)

`[;[pd; khjq;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ ,g;D ckH(uyp) mtHfs;> '\t;thy;> Jy; f/jh> Jy;`[; khjj;jpd; (Ke;jpa) gj;J ehl;fs;' vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. (E}y;: Gfhhp)

ck;uh kl;Lk; nra;a ehbatHfs; vg;NghJ tpUk;GfpwhNuh mg;NghJ mjw;fhf ,`;uhk; mzpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Fwpg;gpl;l fhy Neuq;fs; ,y;iy. Mdhy; vy;iy cz;L.

v. `[;[pd; tiffSf;F Vw;wthW `h[pfs; nra;a Ntz;ba fhhpaq;fs;

Jy;`[; 8tJ ehSf;F Kd;G `h[pfs; nra;a Ntz;bait.

,/g;uhj; Kiwf;fhf:

1. vy;iyapy; ,`;uhk; mzpe;J `[;[{f;fhf kl;Lk; epa;aj; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. (yg;iyf;f `[;[d;)

2. kf;fh nrd;wile;J f/ghit 7 Kiw tyk; tuNtz;Lk;. (,e;j jth/Gy; FJ}k; K];j`g;G MFk;.) `[Uy; m];tj; fy;ypypUe;J Muk;gpj;J mjpNyNa Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. `[;[{f;fhf ]/gh kHthTf;F ,ilapy; 7Kiw (]aP) njhq;Nfhl;lk; XlNtz;Lk;. Nkw;fz;l jth/Gy; FJ}Kf;Fg; gpd; ]aP nra;ahtpl;lhy; gpiw 10 md;W jth/Gy; ,/ghohTf;Fg;gpd; ]aP nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

4. `h[pfs; ,`;uhikf; fisahky; mg;gbNa ,Ug;ghHfs;. mjpy; jtph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;batw;iw tpl;Lk; jtpHj;jpUg;ghHfs;.

fpuhd; Kiwf;fhf:

1. vy;iyapy; ,`;uhk; mzpe;J `[;[{f;fhfTk; ck;uhTf;fhfTk; epa;aj;J nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. (yg;igf;f `[;[d; t ck;ujd;)

2. kf;fh nrd;wile;J f/ghit 7Kiw tyk; tuNtz;Lk;. (,e;j jth/Gy; FJ}k; K];j`g;G MFk;) `[Uy; m];tj; fy;ypypUe;J Muk;gpj;J mjpNyNa Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. `[;[{f;fhf ]/gh kHthTf;F ,ilapy; 7 Kiw (]aP) njhq; Nfhl;lk; Xl Ntz;Lk;.

4. `h[pfs; ,`;uhikf; fisahky; mg;gbNa ,Ug;ghHfs;. mjpy; jtpo;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;batw;iw tpl;Lk; jtpHj;jpUg;ghHfs;.

jkj;J/ Kiwf;fhf:

1. vy;iyapy; ck;uhTf;fhf ,`;uhk; mzpe;J epa;aj;J nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; (yg;iaf;f ck;ujd;)

2. kf;fh nrd;wile;J ck;uhTf;fhf> f/ghit 7 Kiw tyk; tuNtz;Lk; `[Uy; m];tj; fy;ypypUe;J Muk;gpj;J mjpNyNa Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. ck;uhTf;fhf ]/gh> kHthTf;fpilapy; 7 Kiw (]aP) njhq;Nfhl;lk; Xl Ntz;Lk;.

4. jiy Kbia Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5. ,`;uhikf; fise;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,`;uhk; mzpahjtH vd;dnty;yhk; nra;thNuh mJnty;yhk; nra;ayhk;.

Jy;`[; gpiw 8y;

,/g;uhj; kpdhTf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Nf Y`H> m]H> kf;hpG> ,\h> kWehs; /g[;H Mf Ie;J Neuj; njhOiffis me;je;j Neuq;fspy; njho Ntz;Lk;. 4 uf;mj; njhOiffis 2 uf;mj;jhfj; njho Ntz;Lk;.

fpuhd; kpdhTf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Nf Y`H> m]H> kf;hpG> ,\h> kWehs; /g[;H Mf Ie;J Neuj; njhOiffis me;je;j Neuq;fspy; njho Ntz;Lk;. 4 uf;mj; njhOiffis 2uf;mj;jhfj; njho Ntz;Lk;.

jkj;J mtH vq;Nf ,Uf;fpwhNuh me;j ,lj;jpNyNa `[;[{f;fhf ,`;uhk; mzpe;J yg;igf;f `[;[d; vd;W epa;aj; $w Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; kpdhTf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Nf Y`H> m]H> kf;hpG> ,\h> kWehs; /g[;H Mf Ie;J Neuj; njhOiffis me;je;j Neuq;fspy; njho Ntz;Lk;. 4uf;mj; njhOiffis 2uf;mj;jhfj; njho Ntz;Lk;.

Jy;`[; gpiw9y;

1. #hpad; cjpj;j gpd;G mu/gh ikjhdk; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. mq;Nf xU ghq;Fk; Y`;Uf;Fk; m]Uf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf ,fhkj;Jk; $wp Y`;iuAk; m]iuAk; Y`H Neuj;jpNyNa ,uz;buz;L uf;mj;jhf RUf;fpj; njho Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; FHMd; XJjy;> jpf;U nra;jy;> JM nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; <Lgl Ntz;Lk;. JM Nfl;Fk; NghJ f/ghit Kd;Ndhf;f Ntz;Lk;. mq;Fs;s kiyfisNah fw;fisNah Kd;Ndhf;ff; $lhJ.

2. #hpad; kiwe;j gpd;G jy;gpah nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl K];jyp/gh nry;y Ntz;Lk;. K];jyp/ghit mile;jJk; kf;hpigAk;> ,\hitAk; NrHj;Jk;> ,\hit RUf;fp 2uf;mj;njho Ntz;Lk;. K];jyp/ghit miltjw;F es;spuitj; jhz;Lk; vd;wpUe;jhy; me;jj; njhOiffspd; Neuk; Kbtjw;F Kd;Nd mtH ve;j ,lj;jpypUf;fpwhNuh mq;NfNa Nkw;$wpa Kiwg;gb njhOJtpl Ntz;Lk;.

3. kWehs; /g[;Uj; njhOk; tiu mq;Nf ,uT jq;f Ntz;Lk;. (Mdhy; gytPdkhdtHfSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; es;spuitj; jhz;ba gpd; mq;fpUe;J kpdh Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;y mDkjpAs;sJ.)

Jy; `[; 10y;

,/g;uhj; #hpad; cjpf;FKd; jy;gpah nrhy;ypf;nfhz;Nl kpdh nry;y Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G

1. #hpad; eLTr;rpf;F te;J cr;rp rha;tjw;F Kd; nghpa [kuhTf;F 7 nghbf; fw;fis vwpa Ntz;Lk;.

2. jiyKbiaf; fisjy; my;yJ Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;. jiyKb KOtijAk; fistJ rpwg;G.

3. ,`;uhikf; fise;J tpLjy; **1

4. jth/Gy; ,/ghohTk; Kd;dh jth/Gy; FJ}Kld; ]aP nra;ahjpUe;jhy; ]aPAk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

** ,e;j jth/igAk; ]aPiaAk; gpd;dH me;j Jy;`[; khjj;jpd; ve;j ehspYk; epiwNtw;wyhk;.

fpuhd;

#hpad; cjpf;F Kd; jy;gpah nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl kpdh nry;y Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G

1. #hpad; eLTr;rpf;F te;J cr;rp rha;tjw;F Kd; nghpa [kuhTf;F 7 nghbf; fw;fis vwpa Ntz;Lk;.

2. FHghdP nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. jiy Kbiaf; fisjy; my;yJ Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;. jiyKb KOtijAk; fistJ rpwg;G.

4. ,`;uhikf; fise;J tpLjy;. **1

**5. jth/Gy; ,/ghohTk; Kd;dH jth/Gy; FJ}Kld; ]aP nra;ahjpUe;jhy; ]aPAk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j jth/igAk; ]aPiaAk; gpd;dH me;j Jy;`[; khjj;jpd; ve;j ehspYk; epiwNtw;wyhk;.

jkj;J/

#hpad; cjpf;FKd; jy;gpah nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl kpdh nry;y Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G

1. #hpad; eLTr;rpf;F te;J cr;rp rha;tjw;F Kd; nghpa [kuhTf;F 7 nghbf; fw;fis vwpa Ntz;Lk;.

2. FHghdp nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. jiyKbiaf; fisjy; my;yJ Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;. jiyKb KOtijAk; fistJ rpwg;G.

4. ,`;uhikf; fise;J tpLjy; **1

5. `[;[{f;fhf jth/Gy; ,/ghoh

6. `[;[{f;fhf ]aP nra;a Ntz;Lk;. **

,e;j jth/igAk; ]aPiaAk; gpd;dH me;j Jy;`[; khjj;jpd; ve;j ehspYk; epiwNtw;wyhk;.

Jy;`[; gpiw 11y;

kpdhtpy; ,uT jq;fp kjpaj;jpw;Fg; gpd; Kjypy; rpwpajpYk; gpd;G eLtpYs;sjpYk; gpd;G nghpajpYk; Mf %d;W [kuhf;fspYk; VNoO nghbf;fw;fis vwpa Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthd;iw vwpAk; NghJk;> jf;gPH nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

Jy;`[; gpiw12y;

kpdhtpy; ,uT jq;fp kjpaj;jpw;Fg; gpd; Kjypy; rpwpajpYk; gpd;G eLtpYs;sjpYk; gpd;G nghpajpYk; Mf %d;W [kuhf;fspYk; VNoO nghbf;fw;fis vwpa Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthd;iw vwpAk; NghJk; jf;gPH nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

Jy;`[; gpiw13y;

kpdhtpy; ,uT jq;fp kjpaj;jpw;Fg; gpd; Kjypy; rpwpajpYk; gpd;G eLtpYs;sjpYk; gpd;G nghpajpYk; Mf %d;W [kuhf;fspYk; VNoO nghbf;fw;fis vwpa Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthd;iw vwpAk; NghJk; jf;gPH nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G kf;fh nrd;W jth/Gy; tpjh nra;J tpl;L jkJ CUf;Fg; gazkhf Ntz;Lk;. (me;Neuj;jpy; khjtplha;> gps;isg;NgW Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; Rj;jkpy;yhj ngz;fSf;F jth/Gy; tpjh flikapy;iy)

** ,`;uhkpypUe;J KjyhtJ tpLgly;: ,jw;Fg; gpd;dH midj;Jk; MFkhFk;. ,`;uhikf; fise;J tpl;ltUf;F kidtpAld; $LtJ jtpu kw;wit MFkhFk;.

** ,`;uhkpypUe;J 2tJ tpLgly;: ,jw;Fg; gpd;dH kidtpAld; $LtJ cl;gl midj;Jk; MFkhFk;.

Fwpg;G:1) 10tJ ehs; ,`;uhikf; fise;jTld; `h[pf;F kidtpAld; $Ltijj; jtpu kw;w midj;Jk; `yhyhFk;. `[;[ ,/g;uhj;> `[;[{y; fpuhd; Nkw;nfhz;NlhH jth/Gy; FJ}k; vd;w Kjypy; nra;j jth/Gld; ]aP nra;jpUe;jhy; mtHfSf;F jth/Gy; ,/ghohTf;Fg; gpd; kidtpAld; $LtJ cl;gl ,`;uhkpdhy; tpyf;fg;gl;bUe;j midj;Jk; MFkhFk;.

Fwpg;G: 2) `h[pfs; 12tJ ehs; fy; vwpe;Jtpl;L kf;hpGf;F Kd; kpdhtpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L kf;fh nrd;W jth/Gy; tpjhit epiwNtw;wTk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; gpwF jq;fs; CHfSf;Fg; Gwg;glyhk; vdpDk; 13tJ ehSk; jq;fpf; fy; vwpe;J tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLjNy Vw;wkhdJ.

3. ,`;uhk; Mil mzpjy;:

,`;uhKf;fhf vij mzpayhk;? vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfsplk; Nfl;fg;gl;lJ. mjw;F egp(]y;) mtHfs;> 'rl;iliaNah> jiyg;ghifiaNah> njhg;gpiaNah> fhy;rl;iliaNah mzpa Ntz;lhk;. Fq;Fkr; rhak;> tH]; vd;w kQ;rs; rhak; Njha;f;fg;gl;l MilfisAk; mzpa Ntz;lhk;. nrUg;G fpilf;fhtpl;lhy; jtpu fhYiwfisAk; mzpa Ntz;lhk;. mt;thW fhYiwfis mzpAk; NghJ fuz;ilfhYf;Ff; fPNo ,Uf;FkhW Nkw;gFjpia ntl;btpLq;fs;'' vd;W gjpyspj;jhHfs; vd ,g;D ckH(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

Mjhuk; : Gfhhp> m`;kj;> jpHkpjp> mg+jh¥j;> e]aP> ,g;Dkh[h

Mz;fs; ijf;fg;glhj Milfs; jhd; mzpa Ntz;Lk;. Nkyhil xd;W> fPohil xd;W Mf ,uz;L ijf;fg;glhj ntz;ikahd Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;.

Mz;fs; ,`;uhk; fisAk; tiu njhOif Neuj;jpy; $l jiyia kiwf;ff; $lhJ. ntapYf;fhff; Filiag; gad;gLj;jyhk;. jiyapy; Rikfisr; Rkf;fyhk;.

ngz;fs; mtHfs; cLj;jpapUf;Fk; MiliaNa ,`;uhkhff; nfhs;syhk;. ngz;fSf;Fnfd;W gpuj;Naf Milfs; ,y;iy. ngz;fs; ijf;fg;gl;l Milfis mzpayhk;> ngz;fs; `p[hg;-GHfh mzpa Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; Kd;dq;iffs;> Kfj;ij kiwf;ff; $lhJ.

'',`;uhk; fl;ba ngz; jdJ Kfj;ij kiwf;f Ntz;lhk;. ifAiwfisAk; mts; gad;gLj;j Ntz;lhk;'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. vd ,g;D ckH(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(Mjhuk; :- Gfhhp> K];ypk;> m`;kj;> jpHkpjp> e]aP)

ijf;fg;glhj Milfs; fpilf;fh tpl;lhy; Mz;fs; ijf;fg;gl;l Milfis mzpayhk;. vd;gijg; gpd;tUk; egpnkhop njspTgLj;JfpwJ.

''ahUf;F nrUg;G fpilf;ftpy;iyNah mtH fhYiwfis mzpe;J nfhs;sl;Lk;; ahUf;F Ntl;b fpilf;ftpy;iyNah mtH fhy; rl;ilfis mzpe;J nfhs;sl;Lk;'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;;

mwptpg;gtH: [hgpH(uyp) E}y;: K];ypk;> m`;kj;

4. ,`;uhkpd; NghJ (mDkjpAk; - tpyf;fg;gl;lJk;)

,`;uhk; ciljhpj;j gpwF eWkzk; gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. Mdhy; ,`;uhk; fl;Ltjw;F Kd;G eWkzk; g+rpapUe;J me;j eWkzk; ,`;uhk; fl;ba gpd;G ePbg;gjpy; jtW ,y;iy.

egp(]y;) mtHfs; ,`;uhk; fl;Lk; NghJ jk;kplk; cs;s eWkzj;jpy; kpfr; rpwe;jijg; g+rpf; nfhs;thHfs;. mjd; gpwF mtHfspd; jhbapYk;> jiyapYk; vz;nzapd; kpDkpDg;ig ehd; fz;Nld;

mwptpg;gtH: Map\h(uyp) Mjhuk; : Gfhhp> K];ypk;

'',`;uhk; fl;batH jpUkzk; nra;af; $lhJ. gpwUf;Fj; jpUkzk; nra;J itf;fTk; $lhJ. ngz; NgrTk; $lhJ'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: c];khd;gpd; m/g;ghd;(uyp)

E}y;fs;: K];ypk;> mg+jh¥j;> e]aP> m`;kj;> ,g;Dkh[h

,e;j `jP]pd; %yk; ,`;uhk; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; epiyapy; `[; nra;J Kbf;Fk; tiu mtH jpUkzk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l ve;j tp\aq;fspYk; <LglyhfhJ vd;W mwpa KbfpwJ.

`[;[{f;Fhpa fhyk; mwpag;gl;l rpy khjq;fshFk;. ahNuDk; mk;khjq;fspy; `[;i[j; jk; kPJ flikahf;fpf; nfhz;lhy; `[;[pd; NghJ clYwT nfhs;tJ> nfl;l thHj;ijfs; NgRtJ> rr;rutpy; <LgLtJ Mfpait $lhJ'' vd;W my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;.

my;FHMd; 2:197

,e;j trdj;jpd; %yk; tPzhd tpthjq;fs;> rz;il> rr;ruTfs; $lhJ. kidtpAld; ,y;yw cwtpYk; <LglyhfhJ vd mwpfpNwhk;.

,`;uhk; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; jiuapy; Ntl;ilahlyhfhJ. ve;j capHg;gpuhzpiaAk; nfhy;yf; $lhJ. jdf;fhf Ntl;ilahLk; gb gpwiuj; J}z;lTk; $lhJ. flypy; Ntl;ilahlyhk;. fly; gpuhzpfs; cz;gJ MFkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

(Mjhuj;jpw;F my;FHMd; 5:94-96tiu cs;s trdq;fisg; ghHitapLf.)

ML> khL> xl;lfk;> Nfhop Nghd;w tsHg;Gg; gpuhzpfis tpiyf;F thq;fp cz;zyhk;. mWf;fyhk;. mjw;Fj; jilNaJk; ,y;iy.

,`;uhk; fl;batH `[;i[ Kbf;Fk; tiu eWkzk; jltf; $lhJ. thrid Nrhg;Gf;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; Fw;wkpy;iy. NkYk; `[; k;hpiafis Kbf;Fk; tiu kapH ePf;ff; $lhJ. efq;fis ntl;lf; $lhJ.

,`;uhkpd; vy;iyfs;:

`[;> ck;uh nra;a kf;fh efiu ehbtUNthH ehyh Gwq;fspypUe;Jk; tUtH. gy ehLfspy; ,Ue;Jk; tUtH. mg;gb tUNthH Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iy tj;jTld; mq;Nf ,`;uhk; mzpa Ntz;Lk;. me;j vy;iyf;Fs; ,`;uhk; mzpahky; tuf;$lhJ.

kjPdhthrpfSf;F Jy;`{iy/gh vd;w ,lj;ijAk; \hk;(rphpah) thrpfSf;F [{`;/ghitAk; e[;J thrpfSf;F fHdy; kdhªiyAk; akd; thrpfSf;F 'ayk; yk;' vd;w ,lj;ijAk; ,`;uhk; fl;Lk; ,lq;fshf egp(]y;) mtHfs; epHzapj;jhHfs;.

,t;nty;iyfs; ,e;j ,lq;fspy; cs;stHfSf;Fk;> ,e;j ,lq;fspy; trpf;fhky; ,e;j ,lq;fs; topahf `[; ck;uh nra;a ehb tUNthUf;Fk; ,`;uhk; mzpAk; ,lq;fshFk;. ,e;j vy;iyfSf;F cl;gl;L trpg;gtHfSf;F mtHfs; trpf;Fk; ,lj;jpypUe;Nj ,`;uhk; mzpe;J nfhs;syhk;. kf;fhthrpfs; kf;fhtpNyNa ,`;uhk; mzpa Ntz;Lk;'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) Mjhuk;: Gfhhp 1524 K];ypk; 2795> m`;kj;

,e;jpahtpypUe;J> nry;NthH 'ayfpyk;' topahfr; nry;tjhy; me;j ,lj;jpy; ,`;uhk; mzpa Ntz;Lk;. tpkhdk;> fg;gy; Nghd;w thfdq;fspy; `[;> ck;uh nra;ag; Gwg;gLNthH> tpkhdk;> fg;gy; VWk;NghNj ,`;uhk; mzpe;J nfhs;tH. gpd;dH fg;gy;> tpkhdq;fspy; me;j ,lk; tUk; NghJ mwptpf;fg;gLk;. mg;NghJ 'epa;aj;' $w Ntz;Lk;.

'yg;igf;f ck;ujd;' ck;uh nra;tjw;fhf ehd; ,`;uhk; mzpe;Njd; vd;W thahy; $w Ntz;Lk;.

gpd;dH jy;gpah $wpf; nfhz;Nl kf;fhtpYs;s f/ghTf;F te;jila Ntz;Lk;.

5. jy;gpah XJjy;:

yg;igf> my;yh`{k;k yg;igf;> yg;igf; yh \hPf yf yg;igf;> ,d;dy; `k;j te;ep/kj yf ty;Ky;f; yh \hPf yf;.

,Njh cd; miog;ig Vw;W te;Jtpl;Nld;. ah my;yh`;! cdf;Nf ehd; fPo;g; gbfpNwd;! ,iz mw;wtNd! cdf;Nf ehd; fPo;g;gbfpNwd;! GfOk; mUl;nfhilAk; Ml;rpAk; cdf;Nf chpad! cdf;F ,izahdtH vtUkpy;iy. ,t;thNw egp(]y;) mtHfs; jy;gpah $wpAs;shHfs;. mwptpg;gtH: ,g;D ckH(uyp) Mjhuk;: Gfhhp 1549> K];ypk;> m`;kj;

jy;gpahit rg;jkhff; $Wjy;:

[pg;hPy;(miy) mtHfs; vd;dplk; te;J '',`;uhk; fl;Lk; NghJk;> jy;gpah $Wk; NghJk; vd;Dila NjhoHfs; rg;jj;ij caHj;j Ntz;Lk;'' vd;W fl;lisapl;lhHfs; vd egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: ]hapg; gpd; fy;yhj;(uyp) Mjhuk;: Gfhhp 1685> K];ypk; 3077. mg+jh¥j; 1815> `hk;k;> ig`fP

Fwpg;gpl;l JMf;fs; Xj Ntz;ba Neuk;> njhOk; Neuk; jtpu kw;w Neuq;fspy; [k;uJy; mfghtpy; fy;nywpAk; tiu jy;gpahitf; $w Ntz;Lk;.

ehd; egp(]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; mtHfsJ xl;lfj;jpy; mkHe;J mu/ghtpypUe;J kpdh tiu nrd;Nwd;. [k;uJy; mfghtpy; fy;nywpAk; tiu mtHfs; jy;gpah $wpdhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: /go;Y gpd; mg;gh];(uyp) Mjhuk;: mg+jh¥j; 1814> jpHkpjP 829> e]aP> 2752> ,g;Dkh[;[h 2922> jpHkpjp> e]aP> ,g;Dkh[h

6. jth/Gy; FJ}k;:

kf;fhtpy; Eioe;jTld; nra;Ak; 'jt/g; - jth/Gy; FJ}k;' vdg;gLk;. ,`;uhk; mzpe;J kf;fhtpy; Eioe;jtH nra;Ak; Kjy; fhhpak; 'jth/Gy; FJ}k;' MFk;.

nghJthfj; 'jth/g;' nra;Kiw:

egp(]y;) mtHfs; `[Uy; m];tj; vd;w (f/gh Myaj;jpy; gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s fUg;Gf;) fy;ypypUe;J Rw;wp tu Muk;gpg;ghHfs;. mtHfs; mf;fy;ypypUe;J kPz;Lk; mf;fy; tUk; tiu Kjy; %d;W Rw;Wf;fs; XbAk; gpe;jpa ehd;F Rw;Wf;fs; ele;Jk; jth/g; nra;jhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: [hgpH(uyp) E}y;fs;: K];ypk;> jpHkpjp

NkYk; Nkw;fz;lthW jth/g; nra;Ak; NghJ (Mz;fs;) jq;fs; Nkyhilia tyJ Njhs;G[k; kl;Lk; jpwe;jpUf;Fk; gb Nghl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (E}y;fs;: jpHkpjp> mg+jh¥j;)

f/gh Myaj;jpYs;s `[Uy; m];tj; fy;ypy; Muk;gpj;J kPz;Lk; mf;fy;Yf;F te;J NrUk; tiu xU Rw;W MFk;. ,t;thW 7 Rw;Wf;fs; Rw;wp te;jhy; xU jth/g; MFk;.

jth/gpd; NghJ c@ mtrpak;:

''egp(]y;) mtHfs; kf;fhTf;Fs; Eioe;jTld; nra;j Kjy; Ntiy c@ nra;J f/ghit jth/g; nra;jJ jhd;''.

mwptpg;gtH: Map\h(uyp) E}y;fs;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;> m`;kj;

''Map\h(uyp) mtHfs; `[; nra;j NghJ khjtpyf;F Vw;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ jth/g; jtpu Vida `[; k;hpiafs; midj;ijAk; nra;ayhk;'' vd egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. (Mjhuk;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;)

,e;j egpnkhopapypUe;J jth/g; nra;a 'J}a;ik' mtrpak; vd;W mwpa KbfpwJ. f/ghitr; Rw;wp tUk; NghJ `[;Uy; m];tj; fy;iyAk; mijj; njhl;L> njhl;l ifia Kj;jkpl;Lf; nfhs;tJk; egptopahFk;.

,g;D ckH(uyp) mtHfs; jkJ ifahy; `[Uy; m];tj; fy;iyj; njhl;Lf; ifia Kj;jkpl;lij ehd; fz;Nld; vd eh/gpT(u`;) mwptpf;fpwhH. NkYk; egp(]y;) mtHfs; ,t;thW nra;jij jhd; fz;ljhfTk;> mJ Kjy; mt;thW nra;tij> jhd; tpl;ljpy;iy'' vd;Wk; ,g;D ckH(uyp) $wpajhfTk; eh/gpT (u`;) mwptpf;fpwhH. (E}y;fs;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;> m`;kj;)

`[;Uy; m];tj;-fy; gjpf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; neUq;F Kbahj $l;lk; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; irifahy; njhLtJ Nghy ifia caHj;jyhk;.

egp(]y;) mtHfs; xl;lfj;jpd; kPJ mkHe;J jth/g; nra;jhHfs;. `[Uy; m];tj; Kid te;jTld; jk; ifapypUe;j VNjh xU nghUshy; irif nra;J jf;gPH $wpdhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) (E}y;fs;: Gfhhp> m`;kj;)

jth/gpd; NghJ `[Uy; m];tj; fy;iy Nehf;fpf; iffis caHj;jp jf;gPH $w Ntz;Lk; vd Nkw;fz;l `jP]pd; %yk; mwpfpNwhk;.

`[Uy; m];tj;jpw;F mLj;j Kid Uf;Dy; akhdp vdg;gLk;. ,ijAk; njhl;L Kj;jkpl egp topapy; Mjhuk; cs;sJ.

Uf;Dy; akhdpf;Fk;> `[Uy; m];tj;Jf;Fk; ,ilNa Rw;wp tUk; NghJ

ug;gdh Mjpdh /gpj;Jd;ah `]djd; t/gpy; Mk;ujp `]djd; tk;dh mjhgd;dhH

nghUs;: vq;fs; ,ul;rfNd! vq;fSf;F ,t;Tyfpy; ew;ghf;fpaq;fisj; je;jUs;thahf! kWikapYk; ew;ghf;fpaq;fisj; je;jUs;thahf! ,d;Dk; vq;fis (kWikapy;) euf neUg;gpd; NtjidapypUe;Jk; fhg;ghw;wp mUs;thahf! vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpaij ehd; nrtpNaw;Ws;Nsd;

(mwptpg;gtH:mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ]hapg; (uyp) Mjhuk; : m`;kj;> e]aP> mg+jh¥j;> `hk;k;)

,J jtpu kw;w Neuq;fspy; ,iwtidg; Nghw;wpg; GfOk; gbahd j];gP`;> jf;gPH> j`;yPy; kw;Wk; ,iw epiditj; jUk; FHMd;> kw;Wk; `jP];fspy; te;Js;s JMf;fisAk; $wyhk;. Fwpg;gpl;l JMitNa Xj Ntz;Lnkd;W Fwpg;ghff; $wg;gltpy;iy.

''ehd; Neha;tha;g;gl;l epiyapy; (kf;fh) te;jile;Njd;. egp(]y;) mtHfsplk; ,Jgw;wpf; $wpa NghJ egp(]y;) mtHfs;> 'kf;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; thfdj;jpypUe;jthNw jth/g; nra;'' vd;W $wpajhf ck;K ]ykh(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (Mjhuk;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;> mg+jh¥j;> m`;kj;)

ele;J jth/G nra;a Kbahtpl;lhy; thfdj;jpypUe;jthNw jth/G nra;ayhk;. jw;fhyj;jpy; Neha;> KJik Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; jth/G nra;a ,ayhjtHfSf;fhf mtHfisg; ngl;bapy; itj;J J}f;fpf; nfhz;L jth/G Rw;wp tUNthH mq;Nf ,Uf;fpd;wdH.

jth/G nra;j gpd;G kfhNk ,g;uh`Pk; Kd; ,uz;L uf;mj;fs; njho Ntz;Lk;.

egp(]y;) mtHfs; mj;njhOifapy; #uj;Jy; /ghj;jp`hitAk;> Fy;ah ma;A`y; fh/gp&d; mj;jpahaj;ijAk;> Fy;`{ty;yh`{ m``Pj; mj;jpahaj;ijAk; XjpdhHfs;. gpd;dH kPz;Lk; nrd;W `[;Uy; m];tj; fy;iy Kj;jkpl;lhHfs;. gpd;dH ]/ghTf;Fr; nrd;whHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: [hgpH(uyp) E}w;fs;: K];ypk;> m`;kj;> e]aP

'']aP'' nra;jy;:

egp(]y;) mtHfs; jth/G nra;j gpwF ]/ghTf;F te;J mjd; Nky; Vwp mq;fpUe;J f/ghit Nehf;fpj; jkJ iffis caHj;jp my;yh`;itg; Gfo;e;jhHfs;. mtHfs; gpuhHj;jpf;f epidj;jijnay;yhk; gpuhHj;jpj; jhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: mg+`{iuuh(uyp) E}y;: K];ypk;> mg+jh¥j;

,e;j `jP]pd; gb ]/ghtpy; Vwp ehk; ,iwtidg; Gfo;e;J Nghw;wp ekJ ehl;lq;fis my;yh`;tplk; Nfl;fyhk;. ekJ nkhopapNyNa Nfl;fyhk; vd mwpfpNwhk;.

epr;rakhf ]/gh> kHth (vDk; Fd;Wfs;) my;yh`;tpd; milahsq;fspy; cs;sitahFk;. vdNt vtH (f/gh vDk;) mt;tPl;il `[; my;yJ ck;uh nra;fpwhNuh mtH mt;tpU Fd;WfisAk; Rw;wp tUjy; Fw;wky;y; ,d;Dk; vtH cghpahf ew;fUkq;fs; nra;fpwhNuh mtUf;F epr;rakhf my;yh`; ed;wpawpjy; fhz;gpg;gtdhfTk; mtDila ew;nray;fis ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. ( my;FHMd; 2:158)

my;yh`; (Nkw;fz;l trdj;jpy;) vij Kjypy; $wpAs;shNdh mq;fpUe;Nj Muk;gpg;gPuhf! vd;W $wptpl;L> ]/ghtpypUe;J mtHfs; Muk;gpj;jhHfs;. mjd;Nky; Vwp f/ghitg; ghHj;jtHfshf> k;g;yhit Kd;Ndhf;fp

yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`{ t`;j`{

yh \hPf;f y`{ y`{y; Ky;F ty`{y;

`k;J t`{t myh Fy;yp i\apd; fjPH.

yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`{ t`;j`{ md;[]

t/j`{ te]u mg;j`{ t`]ky;

m`;]hg t`;j`{.

nghUs;: tzf;fj;jpw;Fj; jFjpahdtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy. mtd; jdpj;jtd;. mtDf;F ,izahdtd; ahUk; ,y;iy; mtDf;Nf Ml;rp mjpfhuk; chpaJ. mtDf;Nf Gfo; midj;Jk; chpaJ. mtd; midj;Jg; nghUl;fspd; kPJk; Nguhw;wy; ngw;wtd;.

tzf;fj;jpw;Fj; jFjpahdtd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy; mtd; jdpj;jtd;; mtd; jdJ thf;if epiwNtw;wpdhd;. mtd; jdJ mbahUf;F cjtp nra;jhd;. mtd; jdpj;jtdhf vjphpg; gilfisj; Njhw;fbj;jhd;'' vd;W $wp my;yh`;itg; ngUikg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. ,J Nghy Kk;Kiw $wpdhHfs;. xt;nthU jlit $Wk; NghJk; mtw;Wf;fpilNa gpuhHj;jid Ghpe;jhHfs;.

gpd;dH kHthit Nehf;fp ,wq;fpdhHfs;. mtHfs; rkkhdjiuf;F te;jJk;> gjDy;thjP vd;w ,lj;jpy; XbdhHfs;. mq;fpUe;J kHthTf;F tUk; tiu ele;jhHfs;. ]/ghtpy; nra;jJ NghyNt kHthtpYk; (Vwp 2:158tJ trdj;ij Xjp f/ghit Nehf;fp Nkw;fz;l thrfq;fis Xjpg; gpuhHj;jidAk; nra;jhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: [hgpH(uyp) E}y;: K];ypk;> e]aP> m`;kj;

jw;NghJ gr;ir tpsf;Ffshy; milahsk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ,lq;fspilNa rw;W Ntfkhfj; njhq;Nfhl;lk; Xl Ntz;Lk;.

]/ghtpy; Muk;gpj;J kHth te;jhy; xU ]aP MFk;. gpd;dH kHthtpypUe;J ]/gh te;jhy; t]aP MFk;.

egp(]y;)> mtHfs; VO Kiw ]/A nra;jhHfs;. ]/ghtpy; Jtq;fp kHthtpy; Kbj;jhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: [hgpH(uyp) E}y;: K];ypk;

gpd;dH jiyKbiaf; fise;J my;yJ Kbiag; gutyhff; Fiwj;J ntl;bf; nfhz;lhy; ck;uh KbTWk;. ,`;uhikf; fise;J tplyhk;.

ck;uh nra;fpNwd; vd;W $wp Nkw;$wg;gl;lthW vy;iyapy; ,`;uhk; mzpe;J jy;gpah $wpathW f/gh te;J VO Kiw f/ghit tyk; te;J kfhNk ,g;uh`Pk; vd;w ,lj;jpy; ,uz;L uf;mj; njhOJ ]/gh kHthtpy; njhq;Nfhl;lk; Xb Kb Fiwj;J ntl;bf; nfhz;lhy; ck;uh epiwTWk;.

ck;uh tUlk; KOtJk;> ve;j ehspYk; ve;j Neuj;jpYk; vg;NghJk; nra;ayhk;.

7. `[; gw;wpa tpsf;fk;:

`[; jkj;J/ nra;gtHfs; (mjhtJ ck;uhTf;fhf kl;Lk; epa;aj; nrhy;yp ,`;uhk; fl;b) ck;uhit epiwNtw;wpa gpd; ,`;uhk; fise;J tpl Ntz;Lk;. ,`;uhk; mzpahjtH vd;dnty;yhk; nra;thNuh mitnay;yhk; ,tUf;Fk; MFkhFk;.

`[; fpuhd;> ,/g;uhj; `[; nra;gtHfs; ,`;uhikf; fisahky; ,`;uhKlNdNa ,Ug;ghHfs;.

Jy;`[; gpiw 8:

`[; jkj;J/ nra;gtHfs; kl;Lk; mtHfs; kf;fhtpy; ck;uhit Kbj;J tpl;L ,`;uhk; fise;jpUg;ghHfs;. vdNt mtHfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lq;fspNyNa vd;W $wp ,`;uhk; mzpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dH %tif `[; nra;gtHfSk; kpdh nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

''Jy;`[; vl;lhk; ehshd (jHtpah ehspd;) Y`H njhOifiak; xd;gjhk; ehshd (mu/gh ehspd;) ''/g[;U njhOifiaAk; (mjw;F ,ilg;gl;l njhOiffisAk;) egp]y;) mtHfs; kpdhtpy; njhOjhHfs;''.

mwptpg;gtH: ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp)> Mjhuk;: mg+jh¥j;> m`;kj;

kpdhtpy; ehd;F uf;mj; flikahd njhOiffis ,uz;L uf;mj; Mfj; njhoNtz;Lk;. NrHj;Jj; njhoyhfhJ. me;je;j Neuq;fspy; njhoNtz;Lk;.

''kpdhtpy; egp(]y;) mtHfs; vq;fSf;F (4 uf;mj; njhOiffs;) ,uz;buz;L uf;mj;fshfj; njho itj;jhHfs;.''

mwptpg;gtH: `hhp]h gpd; t`G(uyp) E}y;: Gfhhp

mq;F jpf;Ufs;> JMf;fs;> FHMd; XJjy; ey;YgNjrk; nra;jy; Nghd;w ey;ywq;fspy; <Lglyhk;.

Jy;`[; gpiw 9:

egp(]y;) mtHfs; (gpiw 9 ,y;) #hpad; cjpf;Fk; tiukpdhtpy; jq;fpapUe;jjhf [hgpH(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (Mjhuk;: K];ypk;)

vdNt #hpad; cjpj;j gpd;dH mu/gh ikjhdk; Nehf;fpr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. jy;gpah> jf;gPH Mfpatw;iwf; $wpf;nfhz;Nl nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

ehq;fs; egp(]y;) mtHfSld; kpdhtpypUe;J mu/gh nrd;w NghJ jy;gpah $w tpUk;gpatH jy;gpah $wpLthH. mJ Ml;Nrgpf;fg;gltpy;iy. jf;gPH(my;yh`{ mf;gH) $w tpUk;gpatH jf;gPH $WthH. mJTk; Ml;Nrgpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

mwptpg;gtH: md];(uyp) Mjhuk; : Gfhhp> K];ypk;

'mu/gh' ehspy; Nehd;G:

''mu/gh ehspy; egp(]y;) mtHfs; Nehd;G itj;jpUf;fpd;whHfNsh vd;w re;Njfk; kf;fSf;F Vw;gl;lJ. vdNt ehd; egp(]y;) mtHfSf;F (Fbf;fg;)ghdk; mDg;gp itj;Njd;. mij mtHfs; Fbj;jhHfs;''.

mwptpg;gtH: ck;Ky; /gs;y;(uyp) E}y;: Gfhhp 1658

Nkw;fz;l egpnkhop %yk; `h[pfs; my;yhjtHfSf;Fj; jhd; mu/gh ehspy; Nehd;G Nehw;wy; Rd;dj;jhFk;. `h[pfs; Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $lhJ vd mwpa KbfpwJ.

''`[; vd;gNj mu/gh(tpy; jq;FtJ) jhd;; Jy;`[; gj;jhk; ehs; ,utpy; /g[;Uf;F Kd; xUtH mu/ghTf;F te;J tpl;lhy; mtH `[;i[ mile;J nfhs;thH'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: mg;JH u`;khd; gpd; a/%H(uyp)

E}y;fs;: mg+jh¥j;> jpHkpjp> e]aP> m`;kj;

mu/gh ikjhdj;Jf;F xd;gjhk; ehs; ez;gfYf;Fs; tuNtz;Lk; vd;gJ egptopahf ,Ug;gpDk; kW ehs; /g[;Uf;F Kd;G mq;F te;J NrHe;J tpl;lhYk; `[; epiw NtwptpLk; vd Nkw;fz;l `jP]; mwptpf;fpwJ.

''mu/gh ikjhdk; KOtJk; jq;Ftjw;F Vw;w ,lkhFk;'' vd;W egp(]y;) $wpajhf [hgpH(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (E}y;fs;: K];ypk;> mg+jh¥j;> m`;kj;)

mu/ghtpy; gpuhHj;jpj;jy;> tzq;Fjy;:

ehd; egp(]y;) mtHfSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; thfdj;jpy; mkHe;jpUe;Njd;. mtHfs; jkJ iffis caHj;jpg; gpuhHj;jpj;jhHfs;. mtHfsJ xl;lfk; mtHfisf; FYf;fpajpy; mjd; fbthsk; fPNo tpOe;J tpl;lJ. xU ifia caHj;jp (JM nra;j epiyapNyNa) ,d;ndhU ifahy; mij vLj;jhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: c]hkhgpd; i]j;(uyp) E}y;: e]aP

,e;j egptop %yk; mu/ghtpy; ey;y gpuhHj;jidfs; Ghpa Ntz;Lk; FHMd; XJjy;> jpf;U> JMf;fspy; <Lgl Ntz;Lk; vd mwpayhk;.

''egp(]y;) mtHfs; mu/gh ehspy; nrhw;nghopT epfo;j;jpdhHfs;. mjpy;> 'cq;fspd; ,uj;jq;fSk;> cq;fs; nry;tq;fSk; cq;fSf;Fg; GdpjkhditahFk;' vd;W Jtq;Fk; ePz;l ciu epfo;j;jpdhHfs;. gpwF ghq;F nrhy;yp ,fhkj; $wp Y`H (2uf;mj;) njhOjhHfs;. gpwF kw;nwhU Kiw ,fhkj; $wp m]H njhOjhHfs; vd [hgpH(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(E}y;: K];ypk;)

,q;Nf ehd;F uf;mj; njhOiffisr; RUf;fpAk; NrHj;Jk; njhOtJ egptop vd mwpayhk;.

#hpad; kiwAk; tiu mu/ghtpy; ,Ue;J tpl;L #hpad; kiwe;j gpd;G jy;gpah $wpf; nfhz;Nl K];jyp/gh nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

egp(]y;) mtHfs; #hpad; kiwAk; tiu mu/ghtpypUe;jhHfs;. #hpad; kiwe;jJk; K];jyp/gh Gwg;gl;lhHfs;. K];jyp/gh te;J xU ghq;F> ,uz;L ,fhkj;fs; $wp kf;hpigAk; ,\hitAk; njhOjhHfs;. mt;tpuz;L njhOiffSf;FkpilNa NtW njhOif VJk; njhotpy;iy. gpwF /g[;U Neuk; tiu gLj;J cwq;fp tpl;L /g[;U Neuk; te;jJk; ghq;F $wp /g[;U njhOjhHfs;. (mwptpg;gtH [hgpH(uyp) (`jP]pd; RUf;fk;) E}y;fs;: K];ypk;)

,e;j `jP]pd; %yk; /g[;U njhOk; tiu K];jyp/ghtpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;wwpa KbfpwJ> vd;whYk; gytPdkhdtHfSk; ngz;fSk; es;spuitj; jhz;ba gpd; mq;fpUe;J kpdh Gwg;gl mDkjpAs;sJ.

'']t;jh(uyp) mtHfs; gUkdhfTk;> tpiue;J elf;f ,ayhjtHfshfTk; ,Ue;jdH. mjdhy; ,utpNyNa K];jyp/gh tpypUe;J Gwg;gl egp(]y;) mtHfsplk; mDkjp Nfl;lhH! egp(]y;) mtHfs; mDkjpaspj;jhHfs;''.

mwptpg;gtH: Map\h(uyp) E}y;: Gfhhp> K];ypk; 1680

Jy;`[; gpiw 10:

K];jyp/ghtpy; /g[;U njhOj gpd; 'k\;mUy; `uhk;' vd;w ,lj;jpy; k;g;yhit Kd;Ndhf;fp my;yh`;tplk; ekf;Fj; Njitahd gpuhHj;jidfisf; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yh`;itg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo Ntz;Lk;.

/g[;U njhOj gpd; 'f];th' vDk; jkJ xl;lfj;jpy; egp(]y;) mtHfs; Vwp 'k\;mUy; `uhk;' vd;w ,lj;Jf;F te;jhHfs;. mq;Nf k;g;yhit Kd;Ndhf;fp my;yh`;tplk; gpuhHj;jid Ghpe;jhHfs;.

my;yh`{ mf;gH yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`{

t`;j`{yh \hPf y`{

(my;yh`; kpfg;nghpatd;> tzf;fj;jpw;Fj; jFjpahdtd; my;yh`; xUtidj; jtpu NtW ahUkpy;iy; mtd; jdpj;jtd;; mtDf;F ,iz Jizapy;iy) vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ed;F ntspr;rk; tUk; tiu mq;Nf ,Ue;J tpl;L #hpad; cjpf;F Kd; (kpdh) Gwg;gl;lhHfs;''.

mwptpg;gtH: [hgpH(uyp) E}y;: K];ypk;

jy;gpah $wpf; nfhz;Nl kpdh nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

''egp(]y;) mtHfs; kpdh te;J [k;uJy; mfgh (nghpa [kuh)tpy; (#hpad; cjakhk; cr;rp rhAKd;) fy;nywpe;jhHfs;. gpwF jkJ jq;Fkplk; te;J xl;lfj;ij mWj;jhHfs;. gpwF jiy kopf;ff; $bathplk; jkJ tyJ gFjpiaAk; ,lJ gFjpiaAk; Rl;bf; fhl;b ePf;fpLtPuhf! vd;W $wp mij kf;fsplk; nfhLj;jhHfs;.''

mwptpg;gtH: md];(uyp) E}y;fs;: K];ypk;> m`;kj;> mg+jh¥j;

`[; ,/g;uhj; nra;NthUf;Ff; FHghdp flikapy;iy.

ngz;fs; Kbiaf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

E}y;: mg+jh¥j;> jg;uhdp

''ePq;fs; [kuJy; mfghtpy; fy;nywpe;J (,`;uhikf; fise;J) tpl;lhy; ngz;fisj; jtpu (kidtpAld; $LtJ jtpu) kw;w midj;Jk; cq;fSf;F MFkhFk;> vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpajhf ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (Mjhuk; : mg+jh¥j;> m`;kj;> e]aP> ,g;Dkh[h)

`[; jkj;J/ nra;NthH `[;[{f;fhf jth/Gy; ,/ghohTk; kw;Wk; (]/gh kHthtpy; njhq;Nfhl;lk; Xb) ]aP nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;G: jth/Gy; ,/ghoh vd;gij jth/G]; ]pahuh vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;.

`[; ,/g;uhj;> fpuhd; epiwNtw;WNthH Kd;dH jt/Gy; FJ}k; nra;j NghJ mjDld; ]aP nra;ahjpUe;jhy; ,g;NghJ ]aPAk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Kd;dH nra;jpUe;jhy; jw;NghJ Njitapy;iy. jth/Gy; ,/ghohTf;Fg; gpd; kidtpAld; $LtJ cl;gl midj;Jk; MFkhFk;.

Jy;`[; gpiw 11> 12> 13

egp(]y;) mtHfs; 11> 12> 13 Mfpa ma;ahKj; j\;hPf; ehl;fspd; ,uTfspy; kpdhtpNyNa jq;fpdhHfs;. #hpad; cr;rp rha;e;jJk; xt;nthU [kuhtpYk; VO fw;fis vwpe;jhHfs;. xt;nthU fy;iy vwpAk; NghJk; vdj; jf;gPH $wpdhHfs;. Kjypy; rpwpajpYk; gpd;dH eLtpYs;sjpYk; fy; vwpe;jhHfs;. gpd;dH ePz;l Neuk; epd;W my;yh`;tplk; gpuhHj;jid Ghpe;jhHfs;. [kuJy; mfgh nghpa [kuhtpy; fy;nywpe;J tpl;L mt;tplj;jpy; epw;f khl;lhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH: Map\h(uyp) E}y;fs;: m`;kj;> mg+jh¥j;

#hpad; cr;rp rha;e;j gpd;G Muk;gpj;J ,utpYk; $l fy;nywpayhk;.

`h[pfs; 12tJ ehs; fy; vwpe;J tpl;L kf;hpG njhOiff;F Kd; kpdhtpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L kf;fh nrd;W jth/Gy; tpjh (tpil ngWk; jthg;) epiwNtw;wTk; mDkjpAs;sJ. (jth/Gy;>,/ghoh - jth/Gy; ]pahuh vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;.) mjd; gpwF jq;fs; CHfSf;Fg; Gwg;glyhk;. vdpDk; 13tJ ehSk; jq;fpf; fy; vwpe;J tpl;Lg; Gwg;gLjy; ed;W.

''vtUk; (kpdhtpypUe;J) ,uz;L ehl;fSld; tpiue;J nrd;W tpl;lhy; mtH kPJ Fw;wkpy;iy; ahH (xU ehs; mjpfkhfj;) jq;fp (%d;whtJ ehSk;) jhkjpf;fpwhNuh mtH kPJk; Fw;wkpy;iy.'' (my;FHMd; 2:203)

ehk; ,`;uhk; mzpe;J nfhz;L kf;fhtpy; f/ghtpy; Eioe;jTld; nra;Ak; Kjy; Ntiy mg;NghJ c@ ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; c@ nra;J tpl;Lj; jth/G nra;tJ jhd;. Mdhy; ehk; f/ghtpy; GFe;j Neuj;jpy; flikahd $l;Lj; njhOif ([khmj;) ele;J nfhz;bUe;jhy; njhOifapy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

xUtH jth/g; nra;J nfhz;bUf;f> njhOiff;F ,fhkj; nrhy;yg;gl;lhy; my;yJ me;j ,lj;jpypUe;J mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; njhOif Kbe;J ]yhk; nfhLj;jTld; tpl;l ,lj;jpypUe;J jth/igj; njhlu Ntz;Lnkd mjh k$WfpwhH. (E}y;: Gfhhp)

`[; fhyq;fspy; ngz;fSf;F khjtplha; te;J tpl;lhy; jth/g;> ]aP jtpu Vida `[;[pd; k;hpiafs; midj;ijAk; nra;ayhk;.

Mjhuk;: Gfhhp `jP]; vz; 1650

ngz;fs; (jth/G Nghd;w) `[;[pd; k;hpiafs; midj;jpYk; Mz;fSld; fye;J tplhjthW xJq;fp> my;yJ kf;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; jdpahf xJq;fp epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;. (E}y;: Gfhhp `jP]; vz; 1618> 1619)

8.kjPdh gazk;:

''vdJ ,e;j (kjPdh k];[pJ egtp) gs;spapy; njhOtJ> k];[pJy; `uhk; (vd;w kf;fhtpYs;s f/gh) ePq;fyhf cs;s Vida gs;spfspy; Mapuk; njhOiffs; njhOtij tplr; rpwe;jjhFk;. k];[pJy; `uhk; (vd;w f/gh) gs;spapy; njhOtJ mij tpl E}W klq;F (mjhtJ xU yl;rk; njhOiffis tplr;) rpwe;jjhFk;'' vd egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

mwptpg;gtH:mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; ]{igH (uyp) E}y;: m`;kj;> ,g;D`pg;ghd;

NkYk; egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: (mjpfkhd ed;ikfisg; ngw ehb) %d;W gs;spthry;fisj; jtpu NtW gs;spfSf;Fg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;sf; $lhJ. mit 1> k];[pJy; `uhk; (vd;w f/gh) gs;sp 2> vdJ ,e;j (k];[pJd; egtp) gs;sp 3> (igj;Jy; Kfj;j]; vd;w) k];[pJy; mf;]h gs;sp>

mwptpg;gtH: mg+]aPj;(uyp) Mjhuk;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;> jpHkpjP

mjpf ed;ikfisg; ngw ehb kjPdh nry;yyhNk jtpu NtW ve;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; kjPdh> igj;Jy; Kfj;j]; Nghd;w gs;spfSf;Fr; nry;yf; $lhJ. `[;[{k;hpiafSf;Fk; kjPdh gazj;jpw;Fk; vt;tpjr; rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy.