m. ngz;fspd; gazk;

M. gazj;jpy; ngz;fspd; Mil mikg;G

,. `[;[{f;fhfg; ngz;fs; gazpj;jy;

<. ngz;fs; fy;tpf;fhfg; gazpj;jy;.

c. ngz;fs; NghHf;fsj;jpw;Fg; gazpj;jy;.

nghUsPl;lg; gazpj;jy;

m. ePz;l ehs; gazk;.

m. ngz;fspd; gazk;:

ngz;fs; jdpahfg; gazk; nra;ayhfhJ vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; fl;lisahFk;. Mdhy; mtHfs; jkJ Njitapd; epkpj;jk; cs;@Uf;Fs;> my;yJ gf;fj;J CHfSf;Fr; nrd;W tuj; jilapy;iy. jf;f Mz;JizAld; ngz;fs; ePz;l J}ug; gazk; Nkw; nfhs;syhk; vd ,];yhk; mwpTiu $wpAs;sJ.

('vd; kidtpaNu!) ePq;fs; cq;fsJ NjitfSf;fhf ntspNa nry;y my;yh`; mDkjp mspj;Jtpl;lhd;' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;.

Gfhhp: `jP]; vz; 4795> 5237

''cq;fs; kidtpaH (njhOtjw;fhfg;) gs;sp thrYf;Fr; nry;y cq;fsplk; mDkjp Nfl;lhy; mtHfisj; jLf;fhjPHfs;'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpajhf ,g;D ckH(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. Mjhuk;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;

mg+jh¥j;> m`;kj; Mfpa egpnkhop E}y;fspy; vdpDk; mtHfs; njhOtjw;F mtHfs; tPL jhd; kpfTk; Vw;wJ' vd;W mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

NkYk; mt;thW njhOtjw;fhfNth my;yJ kw;w NjitfSf;fhfNth ntspNaWk; NghJ clypNyh> MilfspNyh eWkzk; jltg;gl;bUf;ff; $lhJ vd;Wk; egpnkhopfs; te;Js;sd.

''ngz;fs; gs;spf;F tUk; NghJ eWkzk; g+rhjPHfs;'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. (K];ypk;)

''ve;jg; ngz;zhtJ eWkzg; Gifia jd; clypy; Cl;bf; nfhz;lhy; mtHfs; ek;Kld; ,\h njho tu Ntz;lhk;'' vd;W u#y;(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; vd mg+`{iuuh(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(Mjhuk;:K];ypk;> mg+jh¥j;> e]aP)

vdNt ngz;fs; gs;spthrYf;Nfh my;yJ jkJ Njitapd; epkpj;jk; gf;fj;jpYs;s CHfSf;Nfh nrd;why; ,];yhk; $Wk; Kiwg;gb cilazpe;Nj nry;y Ntz;Lk;. ePz;l J}uk; gazk; Nkw; nfhz;lhYk; ,];yhk; $Wk; Kiwg;gbNa cilazpe;J nry;yNtz;Lk;.

M. gazj;jpy; ngz;fspd; Mil mikg;G:

ngz;fs; MilazpAk; Kiw tUkhW:-

1. KO cliyAk; kiwf;Fk; tpjkhf me;j Milfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

rpy khHf;f mwpQHfs; Kfj;ijAk;> ifiaAk; $l kiwf;f Ntz;Lk;. topg;ghij njhpa fz;fs; kl;LNk jpwe;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W $Wfpd;wdH. rpyH Kfk;> Kd;if jtpu clypd; vy;yhg; ghfq;fSk; kiwe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. ,it xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; FHMdpYk;> egpnkhopfspYk; Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd.

2. Milfs; gpwiuf; ftUk; tpjj;jpy; ftHr;rpahfj; Njhd;wf; $lhJ.

3. Milfs; cly; mtaq;fisf; fhl;Lk; tpjj;jpy; nky;ypajhf ,y;yhky; fdkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4. Milfs; njha;thf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. clypd; fd ghpkhzq;fisf; fhl;Lk; tpjj;jpy; ,Wf;fkhdjhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

5. Milfs; eWkzk; jltg;gl;ljhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. jw;fhyj;jpy; jiyapy; thridg; g+f;fis itj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;fpd;wdH. mJTk; $lhJ.

6. Mz;fspd; Milfs; Nghy ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

7. me;epa kjf; fyhrhuj;Jf;F Vw;g Mil mzpaf; $lhJ.

8. kkij> fHtj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tpjkhfg; ngUikahd Milfs; mzpaf; $lhJ.

9. fhy;fspy; rg;jk; ntspg;gLk; tpjj;jpy;(nfhYR> iffspy; tisay;fs;) mzpe;J elf;ff; $lhJ.

Nkw;fz;l epge;jidfspd;gb jhd; ngz;fs; Mil mzpe;J ntspapy; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

,. `[;[{f;fhfg; ngz;fs; gadpj;jy;:

`[;[{f;Fr; nry;Yk; ngz;zhdhYk; jf;f JizAlNd nry;y Ntz;Lk;

''kz Kbf;fj; jfhj Mz; Jizapy;yhky; xU ngz; gazk; nra;af; $lhJ. kz Kbf;fj; jfhj Mz; JizAld; ngz; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jhd; Mz;fs; mtisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. mg;NghJ xU kdpjH> ''my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! ehd; ,d;dpd;d uhZtg; gphpTld; Gwg;gl ,Uf;fpNwd;; vd; kidtp `[; nra;ar; nry;fpwhH? vd;W $wpdhH. mjw;F egp(]y;) mtHfs;> 'ePUk;' ck; kidtpAld; `[;[{f;Fr; nry;tPuhf!' vd;W $wpdhHfs;'' vd ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

Mjhuk;: Gfhhp 1862> 3006> K];ypk; 3659

,e;j egpnkhopapypUe;J khHf;fj;jpw;fhf mwg;NghH nra;ag; Gwg;gLk; tPuH $l caHe;j me;jg; gzpiaf; iftpl;L> kidtpiaj; jdpahf mDg;ghky; jhKk; cld; `[; nra;ag; Gwg;gl Ntz;Lnkd mwpa KbfpwJ. khHf;fk; $Wk; jf;f Mz; Jizapy;yhtpl;lhy; mg;ngz;Zf;F `[; flikahd;W.

<. ngz;fs; fy;tpf;fhfg; gazpj;jy;:

jw;fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; cyfhaj fy;tpapYk;> khHf;ff; fy;tpapYk; Kd;NdwpapUg;gJ kl;Lkpd;wp mjpf MHtk; fhl;b tUfpd;wdH. NkYk; ngz;fs; ntspåH nrd;Wk;> tpLjpapy; jq;fpAk; fy;tp gapy Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpw;Fs;shfpd;wdH. ,e;epiyapy; ngz;fSf;fhd tpjpKiwfs; vd;d? tpjptpyf;F vd;d? vd;gJ gyUila tpdhthf cs;sJ.

''fy;tpiaj; Njb (fw;W)f; nfhs;tJ Mz;-ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; fl;lhaf; flikNa'' vd;gJ egpnkhopahFk;. ,e;egpnkhopia ehk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; NghJ> egpnkhopfs; fhl;Lfpd;w topfhl;Ljy; ,Njh:

''ehd; egp(]y;) mtHfsplkpUe;J ehd;F nra;jpfisr; nrtpNaw;Nwd; mit vd;idf; ftHe;jd. mitahtd:

1. xU ngz; jkJ fztd; my;yJ kzKbf;fj;jfhj (je;ij> rNfhjud;> khkd;> rpwpa jfg;gdhH Nghd;w) cwtpdH xUtH jk;Kld; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; jtpu ,uz;L ehl;fs; njhiyTs;s (ePz;l) gazj;ij Nkw;nfhs;sf; $lhJ.

2. <Jy; /gpj;H (Nehd;Gg; ngUehs;)> <Jy; mo;`h (`[; ngUehs;) Mfpa ,U jpdq;fspYk; Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $lhJ.

3. ]{g;`{f;fg;gpd; #hpad; cjpf;Fk; tiuAk;> m]Uf;Fg; gpd; #hpad; kiwAk; tiuAk; njhof; $lhJ.

4. (mjpf ed;ikiag; ngw ehb) k];[pJy; `uhk; (f/gh mike;Js;s kf;fhtpd; gs;sp> (igj;Jy; Kfj;j]; (n[&ryj;jpYs;s k];[pJy; mf;]h) vdJ ,e;j gs;sp (kjPdhtpYs;s k];[pJd; egtp) Mfpa %d;W gs;spfisj; jtpu NtW vij Nehf;fpAk; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfSld; gd;dpuz;L Aj;jq;fspy; fye;J nfhz;l mg+]aPj; my;Fj;hP(uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. (Mjhuk; Gfhhp: 1995> K];ypk;> m`;kj;)

''my;yh`;itAk; kWik ehisAk; ek;Gk; ngz; xUj;jp %d;W ehl;fNsh mijtpl mjpf ehl;fNsh gazk; Nkw; nfhz;lhy;> mtSld;> mtSila je;ijNah> fztNdh> kfNdh> rNfhjuNdh my;yJ mtSf;F kzKbf;f tpyf;fg;gl;l cwtpdUlNdh md;wp> gazk; nry;yf; $lhJ'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; vd mg+]aPj; my;Fj;hP(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(Mjhuk;: K];ypk;> mg+jh¥j;> jpHkpjP> ,g;Dkh[;[h)

Nkw;fz;l egpnkhopfspy; ,uz;L ehl;fs; my;yJ 3 ehl;fs; njhiy J}uk; cs;s ,lq;fs; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ. egp(]y;) mtHfspd; fhyj;jpy; (xl;lfj;jpy;) ,U ehl;fspy; vt;tsT J}uk; nrd;wpUg;ghHfs; vd;gij ehk; Ck;j;Jf; nfhs;s ,aYk;. ,t;tp\aj;jpy; vtUf;fhTk; vf;fhuzj;jpw;fhfTk; (,];yhk;) tpjptpyf;F mspf;ftpy;iy vd;gij czu Ntz;Lk;.

 fy;tpf;fhf ntspåH nry;Yk; ngz;fs; jq;fSf;F k`;ukhd Mz; JizAld; gs;spf;$lk;> fy;Y}hpfSf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

N tpLjpfspy; jq;fpg; gapYk; ngz;fis mtHfSld; tUk; je;ij my;yJ kukhd Mz; nghWg;ghsH tpLjpapYs;s ngz; nghWg;ghshplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpLjpapy; Mz; nghWg;ghsHfs; jq;FtJk;> ngz;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gJk; $lhJ. mtH taJ KjpHe;jtuhf ,Ug;gpDk; rhpNa.

N tpLjpapypUe;J(cs;@H my;yhJ) rw;W njhiytpYs;s ntspåUf;F fy;tp fw;fNth> fz;fhl;rpfSf;Nfh> Rw;WyhTf;Nfh> NjHTf;Nfh> gpurhuj;jpw;Nfh nry;Yk; NghJ k`ukhd Mz; Jizapd;wpr; nry;yf;$lhJ.

N tpLjpapypUe;J k`;ukhd Mz; JizAlNd ntspNaw Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk;> tpLjpapy; jq;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk;> mtHfSila ngw;NwhUf;Fk;> tpLjpg; nghWg;ghsHfSf;Fk; cWjpahf ,Uf;Fkhdhy; ngz;fs; cyfhajf; fy;tpiaNah> khHf;ff; fy;tpiaNah fw;gjw;Fj; jilNaJkpy;iy.

N fy;tpf;fhf ntspåH ngz;fs; nry;Yk;NghJ ngz;fs; kl;LNk mlq;fpa ngUq; $l;lkhfTk;> ngz; my;yJ Mz; fhtyHfspd; JizAldhd $l;lkhfTk; nry;tJ mDkjpf;fj; jf;fjy;y. xt;nthU ngz;Zf;Fk; mtutUila k`ukhd Mz; Jiz gazj;jpd; NghJ mtrpak; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; xt;nthU ngz;Zila k`;ukhd Mz; JizNa me;je;j ngz;fSf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ghJfhtyH MthH. kw;nwhU ngz;Zf;F mtH (k`;ukpy;yhj Mz;) ghJfhtyuhf (mDkjpf;fg;gl) khl;lhH. vd;gij fUj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

N ngz;fs; ntspapy; nry;Yk; NghJ mzpAk; Mil> mtHfspd; clypy; kiwf;fg;gl Ntz;ba gFjpfis kiwf;Fk; MilahfTk;> ,Wf;fkpy;yhj (njha;thd) MilahfTk;> ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; jq;fspd; Milfshy; gpwiuf; ftUfpd;w epiyapYk; eWkzk; g+rpf; nfhz;l epiyapYk; ntspf; k;sk;gTk; $lhJ.

xU ngz; jdJ fl;lhaf; flikfspy; xd;whd> ngz;fSf;fhd mwg;NghH vd egpfshy; tHzpf;fg;gl;l Gdpj `[; k`;ukhd mjhtJ kzKbf;fj; jfhj Mz; JizAlNdNa nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk; fl;lisapLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,d;W ngz;fs; $l;lq;$l;lkhf> vt;tpj (k`ukhd Mz;) Jizapd;wp ntspf; k;sk;Gfpd;wdH. ngz;fs; rHf;];> rpdpkh nfhl;lif> fe;J}hp c&];> jpUtpoh Nghd;w jLf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fSf;Fr; nry;fpd;wdH. ,j;jifa ,lq;fSf;Fr; nry;tJ jtW vd;gijg; nghUl;gLj;jhky;> mjw;Fk; rpyH tpsf;fk; jUfpd;wdH ,t;thW:

rpdpkh> rHf;];> fe;J}hp jpUtpohf;fSf;Fr; nry;y 'k`ukhd' Mz; Jiz Njitapy;iy. fhuzk; mt;tplq;fs; nghJthd ,lq;fshFk;. Mz;-ngz; midtUk; $bapUf;fpd;w muq;fk;> jplyhf ,Ug;gjhy; vt;tpjj; jtWk; ele;jpl tha;g;gpy;iy.

NkYk; xU ngz; kl;Lk; jd;de;jdpNa nry;yhky; Ie;J my;yJ gj;J ngz;fshfr; NrHe;Nj nry;fpd;wdH. vdNt ,jw;F k`ukhd Mz; Jiz Njitapy;iy vd thjpLfpd;wdH. ,j;jifatHfs; ngz;fis jtwhd topapy; nry;y tpl;L> mjd; %yk; gadilgtHfshfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; ngz;fspd; xOf;f tpjpfspy; Ngz Ntz;ba Kf;fpakhd `jP];fspy; k`;ukhd Mz; JizAld; gazpg;gJk; xd;whFk;. fhuzk; xU ngz;zpd; fw;Gj; jd;ikiar; re;Njfpf;Fk; Nkhrkhd #o;epiyiaj; jLf;f> tje;jpfisj; jtpHf;f k`;ukhd Mz; JizAldhd gazj;ij ,];yhk; fl;lhakhf;fpAs;sJ.

ngz;fs; fy;tpf;fhf> NjHTf;fhf vd jdpahfNth> $l;lkhfNth mtutUila k`ukhd Mz; Jizapd;wpg; gazpg;gJ ngUe;jtwhFk;. fy;tp vd;w fhuzj;jhy; ,];yhj;jpd; newpKiwfis tisf;ff; $lhJ. fy;tpnaDk; caHe;j nry;tj;ijg; ngw tpUk;gpdhYk; ,];yhk; $Wk; xOf;f tpjpfisg; NgzpathW mf;fy;tpiag; ngw Kay Ntz;Lk;. xOf;f tpjpfisg; Gwe;js;sp tpl;Lf; fw;Fk; vf;fy;tpAk; caHe;jjhfNth> cd;djkhdjhfNth Mk; tplhJ.

c. ngz;fs; NghHf;fsj;jpy; gazpj;jy;:

ngz;fs; Nghhpy; <Lglf; $lhJ. Mdhy; NghHf;fsq;fspy; fhak; Vw;gl;l tPuHfSf;F cjtp nra;tjw;fhf> kUe;jpLtJ Nghd;w gzpfspy; <Lglg; Gwg;glyhk;.

''my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! (ngz;fshfpa) ehq;fs; Aj;jj;jpYk; mwg;NghhpYk; cq;fSld; NrHe;J nfhs;sf; $lhjh?' vd;W ehd; Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F egp(]y;) mtHfs;> '(ngz;fSf;F) rpwe;j> mofpa mwg;NghH vJntd;why; ghtr; nray; vJTk; fyf;fhj (my;yh`; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jf;f Kiwapy; epiwNtw;wg;gLk;) `[; MFk;! vd;W $wpdhHfs; vd Map\h(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (E}y;: Gfhhp> `jP]; vz; 1861.)

Nkw;fz;l `jP]pd; %yk; ngz;fs; mwg;Nghhpy; <LgLtij tpl `[; nra;tNj mtHfSf;F Vw;wkhd mwg;NghH vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;.

egp(]y;) mtHfs; NghHGhpar; nry;Yk; NghJ jkJ kidtpahpy; rpyiu mioj;Jr; nrd;wpUf;fpd;whHfs; vd egpnkhopfs; rpy mwptpf;fpd;wd.

egp(]y;) mtHfs; gazk; nry;y ehbdhy; jk; kidtpahpilNa rPl;Lf; FYf;fpg; Nghl;L mjpy; vtuJ ngaH tUfpwNjh mtiuj; jk;Kld; mioj;Jr; nry;thHfs;. ,t;thNw> mtHfs; xU Gdpjg; NghUf;Fr; nrd;w NghJ (mtHfspd; kidtpauhfpa) vq;fspilNa rPl;Lf; FYf;fpg; Nghl;lhHfs;. mjpy; vdJ ngaH tuNt> ehd; egp(]y;) mtHfSld; Gwg;gl;Nld;. ,J (ngz;fs; me;epa Mz;fsplkpUe;J jk;ikj; jpiuapl;L kiwj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w) '`p[hg;' rl;lk; mUsg;gl;l gpd;dH ele;jJ' vd Map\h(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (E}y;: Gfhhp> `jP]; vz; 2661> 2879)

,e;jg; NghH `p[;hp 5 my;yJ 6 Mk; Mz;L ele;j 'gd} K];jypf;' my;yJ 'KiuªT' NghH MFk;.

''ehq;fs; egp(]y;) mtHfSld; Gdpjg; Nghhpy; fye;J nfhs;Nthk;. mg;NghJ Nghhpy; fhaKw;w kf;fSf;F ePH Gfl;LNthk;; mtHfSf;Fg; gzptpilfs; nra;Nthk;; nfhy;yg;gl;ltHfisAk; fhaKw;wtHfisAk; kjPdhTf;Fj; jpUk;gf; nfhz;L tUNthk;'' vd;W m`;kj; ga;apT gpd;j; Kmt;tpj;(uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. (E}y;: Gfhhp 2883)

Fwpg;G: ngz;fs; jq;fSf;F k`;ukhd Mz;fSld; ntspapy; nrd;whYk;> filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba xOf;f Kiwfspd; mjpf tpguj;ij mwpa> ,e;E}ypd; mj;jpahak; -5 gazj;jpy; ngz;fspd; Mil mikg;G vDk; gFjpia ghHf;fTk;.

ngz;fs; Nghhpy; Neubahf <LglyhfhJ. khwhfg; Nghhpy; fhaKw;w tPuHfSf;F ePH Gfl;lTk;> kUe;jpl;L KjYjtp nra;aTk; fye;J nfhs;syhk; vd mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;. mg;NghJk; $l jf;f JizAld; jhd; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd egpnkhopfs; mwptpf;fpd;wd

Gdpjg; NghUf;fhff; fly; fle;J gazk; nrd;whYk; ngz;fs; jf;f JizAld; jhd; nry;y Ntz;Lk;>

''xU ehs; egp(]y;) mtHfs; ck;K`uhk;(uyp) mtHfspd; tPl;by; kjpa Xa;T vLj;jhHfs;. (cwf;fj;jpypUe;J) rphpj;jthNw tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lhHfs;. ck;K `uhk; (uyp) mtHfs;> 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! Vd; rphpf;fpd;wPHfs;? vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. 'vd; rKjhaj;jpy; xU $l;lj;jpdH murHfs; fl;by;fspy; mkHe;jpUg;gJ Nghy fly; gazk; nra;tij ehd; fz;L tpae;Njd;. (mjdhy; jhd; rphpf;fpNwd;)' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; gjpyspj;jhHfs;. mjw;F ck;K `uhk; (uyp) mtHfs;> 'my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! mtHfspy; xUj;jpahf vd;id Mf;Fk;gb my;yh`;tplk; ePq;fs; gpuhHj;jid GhpAq;fs;' vd;W $wpdhHfs;.

egp(]y;) mtHfs;> 'ePq;fs; mtHfspy; xUtH jhk;' vd;W $wpdhHfs;. kPz;Lk; cwq;fp rphpj;jgbNa tpopj;njOe;jhHfs;. (Kd;G cwq;fpaijg; NghyNt cwq;fp tpopj;njOe;J) Kd;G $wpaijg; NghyNt ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W Kiw $wpdhHfs;.

ck;K `uhk; (uyp) 'my;yh`;'tpd; J}jNu! vd;idAk; mtHfspy; xUj;jpahf Mf;Fk;gb my;yh`;tplk; gpuhHj;jid GhpAq;fs;' vd;W $w egp(]y;) mtHfs;> 'ePq;fs; (Gdpjg; NghUf;fhfg; gazk; nry;Yk;) Kjy; gilf; FOtpdhpy;' xUtuhtPHfs;' vd;W $wpdhHfs;. gpwF ck;K `uhk; (uyp) mtHfis cghjh gpd; ]hkpj; (uyp) mtHfs; kze;J nfhz;lhHfs;. gpd;dH> mtHfisj; jk;Kld; mioj;Jf; nfhz;L (fly; gazk; nra;J) Gdpjg; NghUf;Fr; nrd;whHfs;. jpUk;gp tUk; NghJ ck;K`uhk;(uyp) mtHfs; Vwp mkHtjw;fhf thfdk; (NfhNtWf; fOij) xd;W mUfpy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ mtHfs; (mjpypUe;J jtwpf;) fPNo tpOe;J mtHfSila fOj;J Kwpe;Jtpl;lJ. mjdhy; mtHfs; ,we;J tpl;lhHfs;'' vd;W md];(uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;.

(E}y;fs;: Gfhhp 2894> 2895 K];ypk;)

,e;j `jP]py; ck;K `uhk;(uyp) mtHfs; jkJ fztUld; jhd; fly; gazj;jpy; <Lgl;bUf;fpwhH. vdNt ,t;thW gazk; nra;tJ MFkhdNj vd mwpa KbfpwJ.

nghUsPl;lg; gazpj;jy;

m. ePz;l ehs; gazk;;

nghUsPl;Ltjw;fhf kdpjHfs; fly; fle;J nry;y my;yh`; mDkjp mspf;fpwhd;.

,d;Dk; flypy; ePiug; gpse;J nry;Yk; fg;giyg; ghHf;fpwPHfs;. (gy;NtW fz;lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W) mtd; mUl;nfhilia ePq;fs; Njb> ed;wp nrYj;Jk; nghUl;Lk; mij ,t;thW trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jhd;.

my;FHMd; 16:14 NkYk; ghHf;f my;FHMd; (67:15) (35:12)

`[; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ $l tpahghuk; nra;J gydilayhk; vd;W my;yh`; 2:198tJ trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;.

''Jy; k[h];> cf;fho; Mfpait mwpahikf;fhy tpahghuj; jyq;fshFk;. ,];yhk; Njhd;wpaJk; kf;fs; me;j tpahghuj; jyq;fis ntWf;fyhdhHfs;. mg;NghJ> ''`[; epiwNtw;Wk; fhyj;jpy; cq;fs; ,iwtDila mUis ehLjy; (mjhtJ tpahghuk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %ykhf NeHikahd gyd;fis miljy;) cq;fs; kPJ Fw;wkhfhJ'' vd;w 2: 198tJ my;FHMd; trdk; ,wq;fpaJ. ,J `[;[{f; fhyq;fspy; tpahghuk; nra;tJ MFkhdJ vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ vd ,g;D mg;gh];(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (E}y;: Gfhhp 1770)

NkYk; egp(]y;) mtHfs;> ''xU fpuhkthrpaplk;> 'fly;fSf;F mg;ghy; nrd;W ciog;gPuhf! epr;rakhf my;yh`; ckJ ciog;gpw;fhd Cjpaj;ijf; Fiwj;J tpl khl;lhd;' vd;W $wpAs;shHfs; vd mg+]aPj; my; Fj;hP(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (E}y;: Gfhhp (1452)

Mdhy; nghUsPl;lTk;> Ntiy nra;tjw;fhfTk; ntspehL nry;NthH kidtpia cs; ehl;by; tpl;L tpl;L gy;yhz;Lfs; ntspehl;by; trpf;fpd;wdH. mJTk; Fwpg;ghf thypgHfs; jpUkzk; Kbj;j gpd; xd;wpuz;L ehl;fs; my;yJ xhpU thuq;fNs jkJ kidtpAld; trpj;J tpl;L ntspehL nrd;W tpLtijg; gutyhfg; ghHf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,J ngUk; jtwhFk;. ,jdhy; xOf;f hPjpahf vd;ndd;d mtyq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd vd;Wk; Ghpahky; ,Uf;fpd;wdH.

vdNt kf;fSf;F ,Jgw;wp tpsf;fkspg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.

jpUkzj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fj;ijg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;:-

cq;fspypUe;J cq;fSila N[hbfis (kidtpaiu) mtHfspd; %yk; ePq;fs; epk;kjp ngWk; nghUl;L cq;fSf;fhf mtd; gilj;jpUg;gJk; cq;fspilNa md;igAk; ,uf;fj;ijAk; mtd; Mf;fpapUg;gJk; mtdJ mj;jhl;rpfspy; cs;sjhFk;. epr;rakhf rpe;jpj;Jg; ghHf;fpd;w $l;lj;jpdUf;F cWjpahd gy mj;jhl;rpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd'' (my;FHMd; 30:21)

ePq;fs; epk;kjp - mikjp ngWtjw;fhf cq;fs; kidtpaiu my;yh`; gilj;jhd; vd;gJ tphpe;j nghUs; nfhz;l thHj;ijahFk;.

kdpjdJ czHr;rpfSf;Fr; rhpahd tbfhy; fpilf;fhj NghJ my;yJ jLf;fg;gLk; NghJ mtd; Nghijg; nghUl;fs;> tpgrhuk;> jtwhd topia ehLtJld; mijj; jLg;Nghiuf; nfhiy nra;J tplTk; jaq;f khl;lhd;. ,jw;F Neg;ghsj;jpy; ele;j epfo;r;rpfNs rhd;WfshFk;.**

jk;gjpfspy; xUtH kw;nwhUthpd; czHr;rpj; Njitia epiwNtw;wp jhKk; epk;kjpailtJld; ,t;Tyk;Yk; mikjpia Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wdH> jpUkzj;jpd; gpujhd Nehf;fNk jk;gjpfs; xUtH kw;nwhUthpd; czHr;rpj; Njitia epiwNtw;wp kdepk;kjp ngWtJ jhd;.

NkYk; egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;:-

''ePq;fs; epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba epge;jidfspy; jiyahaJ ahnjdpy; cq;fs; kidtpaiu cq;fSf;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfshf Mf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf ePq;fs; ,Lk; epge;jid jhd;''

mwptpg;gtH: cf;gh gpd; MkpH(uyp) E}y;: Gfhhp

kidtpf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSf;F ,];yhk; kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Js;sJ. ,iwtDf;Fr; nra;aNtz;ba tzf;f topghLfisf; $l ,];yhk; ,uz;lhk; gl;rkhfNt fUjr; nrhy;fpwJ.

egp(]y;) mtHfs; ]y;khd;(uyp) mtHfisAk; mg+jHjh(uyp) mtHfisAk; rNfhjuHfshf Mf;fpdhHfs;. (kf;fhtpypUe;J `p[;uj; ,yl;rpag; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L mfjpfshf te;j xt;nthUtiuAk;> kjPdhtpYs;s xU md;]hhpj; NjhoH rNfhjuuhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;L mtHfsJ czT> ciwAs; Njitia epiwNtw;wp itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; fl;lisapl;bUe;jhHfs;. me;j mbg;gilapy; ]y;khd; (uyp) mtHfis mg+jHjh(uyp) rNfhjuuhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;.)

]y;khd;> mg+jHjhitr; re;jpf;fr; nrd;w NghJ (mg+jHjhtpd; kidtp) ck;K jHjhit mOf;file;j Mil mzpe;jpUf;ff; fz;lhH 'ckf;F vd;d NeHe;jJ? vd;Wk; mthplk; ]y;khd;(uyp) Nfl;lhH.

mjw;F ck;K jHjh(uyp) mtHfs;> 'ck; rNfhjuH mg+ jHjhTf;F ,t;Tyfpy; ve;jj; NjitAk; ,y;iy! vd;W tpilaspj;jhH. (rw;W Neuj;jpy;) mg+jHjh te;J ]y;khDf;fhf czT jahhpj;jhH. ]y;khd; mg+jHjhtplk;> 'cz;gPuhf!' vd;W $wpdhH. mjw;F mg+ jHjh> 'ehd; Nehd;G itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;' vd;W $w> ]y;khd;> 'ePH cz;zhky; ehd; cz;zkhl;Nld;' vd;W $wpaJk; mg+jHjhTk; cz;lhH. ,uthdJk; mg+jHjh (uyp) epd;W tzq;fj; jahuhdhH. mg;NghJ ]y;khd; (uyp) mthplk;> 'cwq;FtPuhf! 'vd;W $wpaJk; cwq;fpdhH. (rw;W Neuk; nrd;wJk;) kPz;Lk; epd;W tzq;fj; jahuhdhH. kPz;Lk; ]y;khd;> 'cwq;FtPuhf!' vd;whH. ,utpd; filrp Neuk; te;jJk; ]y;khd;(uyp)> ',g;NghJ vO(e;J njhO)tPuhf!' vd;W $w ,UtUk; njhOjdH.

gpwF mg+jHjhtplk;> ]y;khd; (uyp)> 'epr;rakhf ePH ck; ,iwtDf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd; ePH ckf;F (ckJ clYf;Fr;) nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd; ePH ck; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F (kidtp> kf;fSf;Fr;) nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtutUf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfis epiwNtw;WtPuhf!' vd;W $wpdhH.

gpd;dH mg+ jHjh(uyp)> egp(]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J ,e;j tp\aj;ijf; $wpdhH. mjw;F egp(]y;) mtHfs;> ']y;khd; cz;ikNa $wpdhH! vd;W tpilaspj;jhHfs;'' vd mg+[{ i`/gh(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(Mjhuk;: Gfhhp 1968> jpHkpjP 2413)

egp(]y;) mtHfs; vd;dplk;> 'mg;Jy;yh`;Nt! ePH gfnyy;yhk; Nehd;G Nehw;W> ,unty;yhk; epd;W tzq;Ftjhf vdf;Ff; $wg;gLfpwNj! 'vd;W Nfl;lhHfs;. ehd;> 'Mk;' my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! vd;Nwd;. mg;NghJ egp(]y;) mtHfs;> ',dp mt;thW nra;ahjPH! (rpy ehl;fs;) Nehd;G Nehw;W (rpy ehl;fs;) Nehd;G Nehw;fhkYk; ,Ug;gPuhf! (,utpy; rpwpJNeuk;) njhOtPuhf! (rpwpJ Neuk;) cwq;FtPuhf! Vnddpy; ck; clYf;F ePH nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd; ck; kidtpf;F ePH nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd; ck; fz;fSf;F ePH nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd; ck; tpUe;jpdUf;F ePH nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd'' vd;W $wpdhHfs;.'' vd mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; mfpU gpd; my; M];(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH. (`jP]pd; RUf;fk;) (Mjhuk;: Gfhhp 1975> K];ypk;> e]aP)

,JNghd;w egpnkhopfs; kdpjd; kidtpAld; ,y;ywj;jpy; <Lgl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; mjd; mtrpaj;ijAk; mJ kdpjdJ flik vd;Wk; mwptpf;fpd;wd.

,iwj;J}jHfspy; xUtH (Md å\T gpd; E}d; (miy) mtHfs;) Gdpjg; NghUf;Fr; nrd;whH. mg;NghJ mtH jdJ r%f kf;fsplk;> 'xU ngz;zplk; ,y;yw chpikiag; ngw;wtd; mtSld; tPL $l tpUk;gp ,d;Dk; $lhky; ,Ug;ghdhapd; mtd; vd;idg; gpd;gw;wpg; NghUf;F tu Ntz;lhk;.

tPL fl;b Kbj;J> mjd; Kfl;il ,d;Dk; caHj;jhkypUg;gtDk; vd;idg; gpd;gw;wpg; NghUf;F tuNtz;lhk;.

Ml;ilNah> ngz; xl;lfq;fisNah thq;fp> mit Fl;b NghLtij vjpHNehf;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gtDk; vd;idg; gpd;gw;wpg; NghUf;F tuNtz;lhk; vd;W $wptpl;Lg; NghH Ghpar; nrd;whH. vd egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. (`jP]pd; RUf;fk;) (Mjhuk;: Gfhhp 3124> 5157 K];ypk;)

,y;yw ,d;gk; ngw ehLgtd; NghH Ghpaf; $l tu Ntz;lhk; vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; ,e;j egpnkhop %yk; czHj;JfpwhHfs;. ,y;ywj;jpd; Nehf;fNk kdepk;kjp> cly; czHTfis rhpahd Kiwapy; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ jhd;. kidtpiag; gy tUlq;fs; gphpe;J ntspehLfspy; tho;tJ jpUkzj;jpd; me;j Kf;fpa Nehf;fj;ijg; Gwf;fzpg;gjhfNt mikAk;. ,sikAk; Jbg;Gk;> moFk; ghpg+uzkhf ,Uf;Fk; fhyj;jpy; jhd; jhk;gj;jpa cwT kpfTk; rpwg;ghdJk; mtrpakhdJk; MFk; vd;gJ nrhy;ypj; njhpa Ntz;ba tp\akd;W.

NkYk; jhk;gj;jpa cwT vd;gJ Mz;fSf;F Mz;> ngz;fSf;Fg; ngz; khWglf; $baJ. rpyUf;F rpy ehl;fs; Njitg;glyhk;. gyUf;Fj; njhlHe;J Njitg;glyhk;. ve;j Neuj;jpy; czHT tUfpwJ vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ. mij ehk; fzpj;Jf; $wTk; KbahJ. vdNt ntspehl;by; tho;NthH ,t;tsT fhyk; jhd; gphpe;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W tiuaWj;Jf; $w ,ayhJ.

''xU kdpjH jdJ kidtpia (,y;yw cwT vd;w Njitf;fhf) mioj;jhy;> mts; mLg;gpy; gzp Ghpe;J nfhz;bUe;jhYk; rhpNa; clNd mts; mtdplk; tul;Lk;' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;'' vd mg+ myP jy;f;gpd; myP(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(Mjhuk;: jpHkpjp> e]aP> ,g;D `pg;ghd;> g];]hH)

''fztH cs;@hpy; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; xU ngz; mtuJ mDkjpapd;wp (flikay;yhj Nkyjpfkhd) Nehd;G Nehw;ff; $lhJ> mtuJ mDkjpapd;wp ahiuAk; mtuJ ,y;yj;jpw;Fs; mts; mDkjpf;ff; $lhJ. fztH fl;lisaplhkNyNa xU ngz; (ey;y topfspy; fztuJ nghUshjhuj;ijr; nrytpl;lhy; (mjd; gydpy;) ghjp mg;ngz;Zf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;'' vd;W egp(]y;)> mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; vd mg+`{iuuh(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(E}y;: Gfhhp 5195> K];ypk;)

,JNghd;w egpnkhopfs; fztdpd; flikfisAk;> kidtp vt;thW fztdJ czHTfSf;F kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; njspthf mwptpf;fpd;wd.

ntspehL nrd;wtHfs; jhk; tpUk;Gk; NghJ jhafk; tu Kbahj #o;epiy jhd; ngUk;ghYk; epyTfpwJ.

fztd; tUlf;fzf;fpy; ntspehLfspy; thOk; NghJ jhk;gj;a cwT Njitg;gLk; ngz; vd;d nra;ths;?

khHf;f Kuzhd fhhpaq;fspy;> xOf;f tPo;r;rpfspy; <Lgl Muk;gpg;ghHfs;. mJTk; jw;fhyj;jpy; kdpj czHTfis tpiue;J J}z;Lk; njhiyf;fhl;rp Nghd;w rhjdq;fs; ekJ tPLfspy; ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; vt;thW xU ngz; jdJ czHTfis mlf;fpf; nfhs;ths; vd;W fztd; Nahrpj;Jg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

''gazk; Ntjidapd; xU gq;fhFk;. mJ cq;fis cwq;f tplhkYk; cz;z tplhkYk; gUf tplhkYk; jLj;JtpLk;. vdNt cq;fspy; xUtH xU Ntiyahfg; gazk; Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;W jd; Njitia Kbj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;lhy; mtH jd; tPl;lhhplk; tpiuthfj; jpUk;gp te;J tpll;Lk;'' vd;W egp(]y;) mtHfs; $wpajhf mg+`{iuuh(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.

(E}y;fs;: Gfhhp> K];ypk;> Kmj;jh)

,e;epiyapy; xU ngz;Zk; MZk; jkJ fw;igf; fhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,iwar;rj;Jld; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ntspehL nry;y mDkjp ,Ug;gpDk; cs;ehl;bNyNa nghUsPl;b kidtp> kf;fSld; NrHe;J tho topapUf;Fk; NghJ Vd; ntspehL nry;y Ntz;Lk;?

mijAk; kPwp ntspehL nry;y Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gl;lhy; fztDk;> kidtpAk; fye;J MNyhrpj;J ,UtUNk jkJ czHr;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; fl;Lg;ghl;NlhL xOf;fkhf tho KbAk; vd;wpUe;jhy; kl;LNk fztd; ntspehL nry;yyhk;. ntspehL nry;Yk; fztd; jdJ kidtpiaj; jf;f JizAld; tpl;Lr; nry;tJk; fy;tp> Muha;r;rp Nghd;w gzpfspy; <LgLj;jr; nra;tJk; ed;W.

NkYk; fztDf;F ,jpy; ve;jg; gpur;ridAk; ,y;iy. mtd; ntspehl;by; $l xU ngz;iz kzKbj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. Mdhy; kidtp jhd; jdJ fw;igg; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; flikg;gl;bUf;fpwhs;. ,jw;F egp(]y;) mtHfs; Nehd;G itg;gjd; %yk; jkJ czHTfisj; jk;gjpaH fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; gb egpnkhopapy; $wpAs;sJ ftdpf;fj; jf;fJ.

ehq;fs; (trjp tha;g;G) VJkpy;yhj ,isQHfshf egp(]y;) mtHfSlNdNa ,Ue;Njhk;. mg;NghJ my;yh`;tpd; J}jH(]y;) mtHfs;> vq;fsplk; 'thypgf; FOtpdNu! cq;fspy; ,y;ywk; elj;jr; rf;jp ngw;NwhH jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sl;Lk;. Vnddpy; mJ jfhj ghHitiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;; fw;igf; fhf;Fk;. mjw;F ,ayhNjhH Nehd;G Nehw;fl;Lk;! Vnddpy; Nehd;G (kdpj czHr;rpfis) fl;Lg;gLj;jf; $bajhFk;'' vd;W $wpdhHfs; vd mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; k];¥j;(uyp) mwptpf;fpwhH.