ghghpNa gs;spthry;

    ghghp gs;spthry; ,bg;gjw;F Kd;Gk;> ,bg;gpw;Fg; gpd;Gk; vd 50 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf ele;J tUk; ,e;jg; gpur;idapy; ,e;jpahtpd; murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; tFj;Js;s topghl;L chpikfspd; mbg;gilapy;> ePjpkd;wq;fisNa ek;gpapUe;j K];ypk;fis fhtpg; gilapdUk;> mtHfSf;F Mjuthd murpay; kw;Wk; mjpfhu tHf;fq;fSk; jq;fsJ kdrhl;rpiag; Gijj;J tpl;l fhuzj;jpdhYk;> jq;fsJ mjpfhuj;ijj; J\;gpuNahfk; nra;j fhuzj;jpdhYk; ehk; me;jg; gs;spia ,oe;Njhk;.

,g;nghOJ Xhpiwtidj; Jjpf;ff; $ba ,lkhf tpsq;fpa me;jg; gs;spia> gy nja;t tzf;f topghl;Lf;F ,l;Lf; nfhz;L nry;Yk; gh]p] ,e;Jj;Jthf;fs;> ,d;Wk; ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lj;ij kjpj;jjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. mtHfs; kjpf;fTk; khl;lhHfs;. ePjpkd;wq;fSk; mtHfSf;Nf rhjfkhfj; jPHg;Gf;fis toq;fp tUfpd;wd.

NkYk;> khHr; 12 Yk; mjw;F ,ilg;gl;l ,e;j fhyj;jpy;> ntWkNd Nfhapy; fl;LtNjhL kl;Lk; mtHfs; epd;W tpl khl;lhHfs;. mjw;F Kd;ghf K];ypk;fis mr;RWj;jf; $ba nray;fspYk; mtHfs; ,wq;ff; $Lk;.

,e;j epiyapy; K];ypk;fspd; tho;thjhu chpikfisAk;> topghl;L chpikfisAk;> mtHfSf;Fhpa ghJfhg;igAk; toq;f Ntz;baJ muRfspd; nghWg;ghFk;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa muRfs; jq;fsJ Xl;L tq;fpfis mbg;gilahf itj;Jj; jhd;> jq;fsJ fha;fis efHj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ,e;j epiyapy;> K];ypk;fspd; ghJfhg;gpw;F ahH jhd; nghWg;Ngw;fg; Nghfpd;whHfs; vd;w Nfs;tp vOfpd;wJ. K];ypk;fshfpa ehq;fs; me;j ty;y ,iwtdplNk vq;fsJ ghJfhg;gpw;F ifNae;jp epw;fpd;Nwhk;.

NkYk;> Vw;fdNt ,uz;lhk; juf; Fbkf;fshf elj;jg;gl;L tuf; $ba ,e;jpa K];ypk;fs; NkYk; me;epag;gl;Lg; Nghff; $ba epiyia> typa mtHfspd; kPJ jpzpf;ff; $ba rk;gtkhfj; jhd; ,J mikAk;.

K];ypk;fSk; ,e;j ,e;jpa ehl;Lf; Fbkf;fs; jhd; vd;gjpYk;> ,e;jpa Njr tpLjiyf;F jd;Dila rjtPjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhfNt jpahfq;fis ,e;jr; r%fk; nra;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gijAk; xg;Gf; nfhs;Sk; midtUk;> ,e;jg; gh]p]g; Nghf;if jLj;J epWj;j Kd; tuNtz;Lk;. ,e;j muh[fj;jpw;Fj; Jiz Nghff; $ba midtiuAk; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; - Fw;wf; $z;by; epWj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,e;jpa vy;iyapy; ,e;jpa uhZtk; re;jpg;gtHfs; kl;Lk; ,e;jpa vjphpfs; my;y! ,e;jpahtpd; xUikg;ghl;il rpijg;gtHfSk; ,e;jpahtpd; vjphpfNs!!! ,e;j vjphpfis ,e;jpa Njr kf;fSf;F milahsg;gLj;j Ntz;baJk;> mtHfsJ jPtputhjg; Nghf;if jLj;J epWj;j Ntz;baJk; eLepiyahsHfs; kw;Wk; ,jaKs;stHfspd; flikAk; $l!!

ghghp k];[pj; : mbg;gilj; jfty;fs;

brk;gH 06> 1992 Mk; Mz;L ghghp k];[pj; \`Pjhf;fg;gl;l ehs;.

,e;jpah cyf muq;fpy; jiyFdpe;J epd;w ehs;. md;W ,e;jpahTf;F Vw;gl;l mtkhdj;ij ,d;wsTk; Jilf;f Kbatpy;iy. ,e;j mtkhdk; Kw;whf Jilf;fg;gLk; msTf;F> ,d;W ,e;jpah Njr tpNuhj /ghrp] rf;jpfspd; iffspy; rpf;fpf; nfhz;lJ.

,e;jpahtpd; fz;zpak; ,d;Dk; mjs ghjhsj;jpy; tPo;e;J tplyhk; ,e;jg; gh]p]r; rf;jpfshy;. ghghp gs;spthry; \`Pjhf;fg;gl;l me;j ehs; Kjy; ,d;W tiu ehl;by; elf;Fk; mj;jid tpUk;gj;jfhj epfo;TfSf;Fk; mJNt fhuzk;.

gs;spthry; ,bf;fg;gl;lTld; jq;fs; mjpUg;jpia ntspNa fhl;bl te;j mj;jid K];ypk;fSk; ntl;bf; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;. xU ngUk; gFjpapdH eurpk;kuht; murpd; Jg;ghf;fpf; Fz;LfSf;Fg; gypahdhHfs;. vQ;rpNahH jlh vd;w fhl;Lkpuhz;br; rl;lj;jpd; thapy; rpf;fpr; rpiwr;hiyfspy; jq;fs; tho;ehs;fisj; fopj;jpl Ntz;batHfshdhHfs;.

jlh rl;lk; fhyhtjpahd gpd;dUk; mjd; fPo; ifJ nra;ag;gl;l K];ypk;fs; tpLtpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

ghghp gs;sp thry; ,bf;fg;gl;l ehs;fisj; njhlHe;J gk;ghapy; fytuq;fs; %z;ld. E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd K];ypk;fs; fhty; JiwapduhYk; /ghrp];LfshYk; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhHfs;.

gk;gha; epfo;Tfis tprhhpg;ghjw;fhf mkHj;jg;gl;l fpU\;zh fkp\d; jd; fz;Lgpbg;Gfis ntspapl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mjpy;> mj;thdpapd; uj ahj;jpiuAk;> gs;spthry; ,bg;Gk; jhd; gk;gha; epfo;TfSf;Ff; fhuzk; vd Mzpj;jukhd Mjhuq;fNshL Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

me;j mwpf;ifAk;> gs;spthry; ,bg;gpy; ngUik fz;l /ghrp];Lfspd; iffspNyNa rpf;fpf; nfhz;lJ. ,g;gb ,e;j ehl;ilNa el;lhw;wpy; js;sp tpl;l ,e;jg; gpur;idapy; kpfTk; Ntjidahd gFjpa vd;dntdpy;> gs;spthriy ,oe;j K];ypk;fNs ,d;W Fw;wthspahf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;whHfs; midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk;..

ghghp k];[pj; Fwpj;j mbg;gil jfty;fs; tUq;fhyj;jpy; epr;rakhfj; jphpf;fg;gLk; ,d;W ,e;jpahit MSk; ,e;jg; /ghrp];Lfshy;..

MfNt mtw;iw epidT $UtJk;> ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk;> cyf kf;fSf;Fk; mijg; ghJfhj;Jj; jUtJk; ekJ flik. Vndd;why;> tUk; khHr; 2002> 2 Mk; Njjpad;W ghghp gs;spthry; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; Nfhapy; fl;lg; Nghtjhf tpRt `pe;J ghp\j; mwptpj;jpUf;fpd;w epiyapy;> mjw;Fj; jilia Vw;gLj;Jk; midj;J topfisAk; milg;gjw;Fz;lhd topKiwfspy; MSk; gh[f Kad;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ,e;j epiyapy;> ghghp gs;spthry; gw;wpa midj;Jj; jfty;fisAk; jUtJ kpfTk; nghUj;jnkdf; fUJfpd;Nwhk;. ,jd; %yk; ehl;L kf;fSf;Fk;> cz;ikia mwpa tpisAk; midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

mbg;gilj; jfty;fs; :

fp.gp. 1528 y; ghghp k];[pj; fl;lg;gl;l tuyhW

,g;gs;spthy; cz;ikapy; kpHgf;fp vd;gtuhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,e;j kpHgf;fp NguurH ghgH mtHfspd; fPo; gzpGhpe;j XH gilj;jiytH. ,tuJ nrhe;j CH jh\;fz;l;.

,g;gs;spthry; me;jg; gFjpapy; tho;e;j K];ypk; (\pah-Rd;dp) fs; jq;fs; njhOifia epiwNtw;wpLk; Kfj;jhd; epWtg;gl;lJ.

Ml;rpahsH [`hq;fPH mtHfs; fhyk; Kjw;nfhz;L jhd; ,e;jg; gs;spthry; ghghp gs;spthry; vd;wiof;fg;gl;lJ. gs;spthry; fl;b Kbf;fg;gl;l me;j ehs; Kjy;> K];ypk;fs; ,U jug;ghUk; jq;fs; njhOiffisf; $l;lhf ,e;jg; gs;spthrypy; epiwNtw;wp te;jhHfs;.

1950 k; Mz;L> ig]hghj; rptpy; ePjpkd;wk; XH jil cj;juitg; Nghl;L K];ypk;fs; gs;spthrYf;Fs; Eiotijj; jLj;jJ.

md;W tiu K];ypk;fs; jq;fs; njhOifia me;jg; gs;spthrypy; epiwNtw;wpNa te;jhHfs;.

1855 `Dkd; fhH`p tof;F

19k; E}w;whz;bd; eLtpy; mjhtJ 1855 Mk; Mz;by; `Dkhd;fhH`p vd;gJ Fwpj;J tof;nfhd;W vOe;jJ. ,e;j tof;F Rd;dp K];ypk;fSf;Fk;> ehfh rhJf;fSf;Fkpilapy; vOe;jJ. mg;NghJ> mg;gFjp ethg; th[pj; myP \h vd;ghhpd; Ml;rpapd; fPopUe;jJ.

,e;j `Dkhd;fhH`p mNahj;jpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j `Dkhd;fhH`papy; gs;spthry; xd;W ,Ue;jJ vdTk;> mJ ,bf;fg;gl;L Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Wk; K];ypk;fs; $wpdhHfs;.

,J Fwpj;J vOe;j fytuq;fspy; 200 ,we;Js;sdH. gy K];ypk;fs; capiuj; je;Jk; gs;spthry; ,lj;ij kPl;f ,aytpy;iy.

K];ypk;fs; `Dkd; fhH`papypUe;j gs;spthriy kPl;ff Kaw;rp nra;jhHfs; vd;gjw;fhf> ,e;Jf;fs; vjpH eltbf;if xd;iw Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. ghghp gs;spthry; Kd;G uhk; rhGj;uh xd;wpUe;jJ vd;gNj me;j vjpH eltbf;if.

K];ypk;fs; jq;fs; gs;spthriy kPl;f eltbf;if vLf;fpd;whHs; vd;W Nfhgq; nfhz;nlOe;j me;jg; gFjpa G+HtPf ,e;Jf;fs; $l n[d;k];jhd; vd;nwhU Kof;fj;ij Kd; itf;ftpy;iy.

mtHfs; xU vjpH eltbf;ifahfj; jhd; gs;spthry; Kd;ghf xU ,lj;ij ,l;Lf; fl;bg; NgrpdhHfs;. MfNt ghghp gs;spthry;> ,uhkH gpwe;j ,lk; vd;gJ Mjhukw;w murpay; gpiog;Gf; Nfh\k; vd;gNj cz;ik. (Mjhuk; : NguhrphpaH f. rk;gf y\;kp. tuyhW kw;Wk; njhy;nghUs; Muha;r;rp epGzH kw;Wk; nly;ypapYs;s [t`Hyhy; NeU gy;fiyf; fofk; tuyhw;W Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpd; jiytH)

1857 ehk; rhGj;uh

ghghp gs;spthry; Kd;ghf rw;Wj; njhiytpy; NkL Nghd;wpUf;Fk; ,lk; uhk; rhGj;uh vd;Wk;> mJNt uhk; n[d;];jhd; vd;W rhkpahH xUtH jpUtha; kyHe;jhH. mj;NjhL mq;F G+[h Gd];fhuq;fs; nra;Ak; tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;whH.

1857 y; ghghp gs;spthry; Kd;ghf rw;W njhiytpy; NkL Nghd;wpUe;j ,lk; uhk; rhGj;uh vd;w nahpy; caHj;jg;gl;L ,e;Jf;fs; G+[h Gd];fhuq;fisr; nra;J te;jhHfs;. xNu tshfj;jpw;Fs;> K];ypk;fs; gs;spthrypy; jq;fs; njhOifia epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;. ,e;Jfs; jq;fs; G+[h Gd];fhuq;fis epiwNtw;wpdhHfs;.

,U tFg;ghpilNaAk; gpur;idfs; vOe;J tplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf> Mq;fpNyaHfs; ,uz;L tzf;f ,lq;fis NtWgLj;jpLk; mstpy; XH Rtiu vOg;gpl tpUk;gpdhHfs;. mjd;gb 1859 y; ,e;jg; RtH vOg;gg;gl;Lk; tpl;lJ.

1883 k; Mz;L Nk khjk; uhk; rhGj;uhtpy; ,uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Lk; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,e;j Kaw;rpfs; ntw;wp ngwtpy;iy. gpd;dH ig]hghj; Jiz Mizahshplk; ,e;j ,uhkH Nfhapy; fl;l mDkjp Nfl;L tpz;zg;gk; jug;gl;lJ.

,e;j tpz;zg;gk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

gl;ltHj;jdkhd tFg;g ntwpNaad;wp NtW vz;zq;fs; ,jw;Fg; gpd;dhy; ,y;iy. ,jdhy; mDkjp toq;fg;gltpayhJ vdf; $wp tpl;lhH ig]hghj; Jiz MizahsH.

1885 uhk; rhGj;uhtpy; Nfhapy; fl;l tof;F

[dthp 15 1885 y; n[d;];jhd; fhg;ghsuhff; fhl;bf; nfhz;l uFgPHjh];> ig]hghj; fPo; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; uhk; rhGj;uhtpy; ,uhkH Nfhapy;  fl;l mDkjp Nfl;L tof;Fj; njhlHe;jhH.

gs;spthrYf;F Kd;dhy; Nfhtpy; fl;LtJ ,uz;L tFg;ghUf;FkpilNa nfhe;jspg;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gjhy; mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. khtl;l ePjpgjp Kd;G njhlug;gl;l tof;Fk; js;Sgb nra;ag;gl;lJ.

,e;j kDf;fs; vjpYk; ghghp gs;spthapy;> rHr;irahf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gJ njspT.

1934 y; ele;j tFg;Gf; fytuq;fs; mNahj;jpiaj; jhf;fpaJ. rpy jPtputhjpfs; K];ypk;fisj; (njhOifia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j K];ypk;fisAk;) jhf;fp> gs;spthriyAk; jhf;fpdhHfs;. vdpDk; K];ypk;fs; njhlHe;J njhOiffis epiwNtw;wp te;jhHfs;.

1940 y; .. ..

1940 ; ,e;jg; gs;spthry; Rd;dp K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkh? \pah K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkh? vd;nwhU rHr;ir vOe;jJ. ,J ePjpkd;wk; nrd;wJ. ePjpkd;wk; gs;spthry; Rd;dp K];ypk;fSf;Nf nrhe;jk; vdj; jPHg;G toq;fpw;W.

,J jhd; ghghp gs;spthrypy; ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jk; vd;gJ rk;ge;jkhf toq;fg;gl;l Kjy; jPHg;G.

,uhkH rpiyfs;

1949 brk;gH 23 y; ,uhkH yhyh rpiyfs; %l ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapy; gs;spthrYf;Fs; itf;fg;gl;ld. ,J rl;l tpNuhjkhd nray; vd mg;NghNj mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;jf; fphpkpdy; Fw;wk; rk;ge;jkhf xU Kjy; Fw;wg;gj;jhpf;ifAk; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

22.12.1949 md;W Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpy; xU gs;spthry; Nfhapyhf khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lJ.

Nf.Nf.ea;ahH

ghghp gs;spthrypDs; rpiy itf;fg;gl;lJ Fwpj;J njhlug;gl;l tof;F Nf.Nf. ea;ahH vd;ghH ePjpgjpahf ,Ue;j ePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhd; ele;jJ. ,tH gpw;iw ehl;fspy; [drq;f mjhtJ Kd;dhs; gpN[gp apd; ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;lhH. mtH kl;Lky;y> mtUila kidtp rFe;jyh mk;ikahUk; mNj [drq;f ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpduhfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;lhH.

Mf> K];ypk;fs; xU gpN[gp FLk;gj;jplk; jhd; ghghp k];[pjpy; rpiy itf;g;gl;lJ rk;ge;jkhf epahak; Nfl;bUf;fpd;whHfs;.

,e;j Nf.Nf.ea;ahH ig]hghj;jpYk;> cj;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpYk; muR nghWg;GfspYk; gy Mz;Lf;s ,Ue;jhH. K];ypk;fs; - ,e;Jf;fs; ,ilNa Vw;gl;l gy gpur;idfspy; mikf;fg;gl;l tprhuiz fkp\d;fspd; jiytuhf ,Ue;jhH. fpQ;rpw;Wk; ftiyg;glhj XH ,e;J jPtputhjp vd;gij ahUk; mwpe;jpltpy;iy.

gs;spthrYf;Fs; rpiyfs; itf;fg;gl;lTld;> mtw;iw mfw;wp tpl;L njhOifia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; K];ypk;fs;. ghtk;.. mtHfs; ,e;j ehl;L ePjpkd;wKk; ePjpgjpfSk; epahak; toq;FthHfs; vd vjpHghHj;jpUf;fpd;whHfs;.

rpiyfs; itf;fg;gl;lTld; toq;fg;gl;l (m)ePjp

rpiyfs; itf;fg;gl;lTld;> khtl;l ePjpgjp rpy eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lhH. ,e;jpa jz;lidr; rl;lk ;gphpT 145 d; fPo; gs;spthriyf; ifg;gw;wpdhH. gs;spthriy ePjpkd;wj;jhy; epakpf;fg;gl;l xU ePjpgjpiaf; nfhz;L epHthfk; vd;w ngahpy; gs;spthrYf;Fs;spypUe;j rpiyfSf;Fg; G+i[ Gd];fhuq;fis mDkjpj;jhH.

ePjpgjp Nf.Nf.ea;ahhpd; uh[ JNuhfr; nray;

ghghp gs;spthrYf;Fs; rpiy itf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. mtw;iw mg;Gwg;gLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w tof;F jd; Kd;dhy; te;j NghJ> mjid rl;il nra;ahkypUe;jhH ,tH. khtl;l ePjpgjp vd;w mstpy;> mtH nra;jnjy;yhk;> gs;spthrYf;Fs; G+I[fs; elj;j Mtd nra;jJ jhd;. njhOiffs; Kiwahf eilngw;W te;j gs;spthry; rpiyfspd; ,Ug;gplkhf Mf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ vd;gij mg;Nghija gpujkH [t`Hyhy; NeU mtHfSf;Fj; njhptpj;jhHfs; K];ypk;fs;.

[t`Hyhy; NeU mtHfs; 23.12.1949 md;W cj;jpug;gpuNjr Kjyikr;rH [p.gp.ge;j; mtHfSf;F xU je;jpia mDg;gpdhH. me;jj; je;jpapy; ,g;gbf; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH :

“Dangerous Example is being set there, which will have bad consequences”.  (kpfTk; Mgj;jhd Kd;khjphp xd;W mq;Nf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ kpfTk; Nkhrkhd gpd;tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;).

ghghp gs;spthry; tptfhuj;jpy; mf;fiw fhl;bf; nfhz;ljhff; fz;zPH tbj;jtHfs; ahUk;> mq;fpUe;J rpiyfis mfw;wpLtjpy;> MHtk; fhl;ltpy;iy vd;gij K];ypk;fs; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gpujkH NeUtpd; je;jp fpilj;jJk;> cj;jpug;gpuNjr Kjy; [p.Nf.ge;j; xU eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhz;lhH.

mtH ig]hghj; ePjpgjp Nf.Nf. ea;ahH mtHfsplk ,uz;L Nfs;tpfis itj;J tpsf;fk; Nfl;lhH:

me;jf; Nfs;tpfs; : 1. rpiyfis gs;spthrYf;Fs; itj;J tplhky; jLj;jpl Vd; Kd; eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy? 2. rpiyfis Vd; ,d;Dk; mfw;wpltpy;iy?

,e;j tpdhf;fSf;F tpsf;fk; Nfl;l fbjj;jpy; mg;Nghija cj;jpug;gpuNjr murpd; Kjd;ik nrayH gfthd; \hNf mtHfs; ifnaOj;jpl;bUe;jhH. ,e;jf; fbjk; brk;gH 27> 1949 md;W mDg;gg;gl;lJ.

,jw;F tpsf;fk; je;j Nf.Nf.ea;ahH> K];ypk;fsplk; Ngrp> mg;gs;spthriy ,e;Jf;fSf;F tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jpl nra;jplyhk; vd;W $wp tpl;lhH.

mj;Jld; K];ypkf;fs; Nghy; Njhw;we;je;j rpyiuj; jdJ yl;rpak; epiwNt;wj; jahhpj;jhH. mtHfspy; 15 Ngiu xd;W jpul;b xU Foit mikj;jhH. me;jf; Fotpd; ifapy; XH tpz;zg;gj;ij tbtikj;Jj; je;jhH. me;j tpz;zg;gj;jpy;> gs;spthrYf;Fs; rpiyfs; itf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhy;> gs;spthry; gs;spthryhfr; nray;gltpy;iy. mJ NfhapyhfNt nray;gLtjhy; mij ,e;Jf;fSf;Nf je;J tplyhk; vd K];ypk;fNs KiwapLtjhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUe;jJ.

(Mjhuk; : mNahj;jpah KO cz;ikfs; gf;fk;. 3 ntspaPL : United Academics International, Vidyanagar, Hyderabad – 500 044).

gs;spthriy ,e;J muh[fthjpfsplkpUe;J kPl;Nl jPu Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; MHtk; nfhz;l K];ypk;fs;> ftHdH n[duy; ,uh[Nfhghy; Mr;rhhpahH mtHfSf;Fj; jfty;fs; je;jhHfs;.

,uh[Nfhghy; Mr;rhhpahH mtHfs; gpujkH NeU mtHfSf;F xU fbjk; vOjpdhH. mjpy;> gs;spthriyr; Rw;wp elg;git jdf;F mjpHr;rpiaj; jUfpd;wd. K];ypk;fSf;F ,iof;fg;gLk; mePjpfs; Fwpj;J ehd; fyq;fpg; NghapUg;gjhfTk; Fwpg;gpl;lhH. ftHdH n[duy; fbjj;jpw;F NeU mtHfs; clNdNa gjpy; vOjpdhH.

me;jg; gjpy; ,J jhd; : CM of U.P. intended taking action. (cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpd; Kjyikr;rH eltbf;if vLf;Fk; vz;zj;jpypUf;fpd;whH.

5.12.1950 md;W [t`Hyhy; NeU mtHfs; jhd; mNahj;jpahTf;F tu tpUk;Gtjhf fbjk; vOjpdhH. mtiu tutplhkw; jLj;J tpl;lhH c.gp. Kjy;tH [p.gp.ge;j;.

K];ypk;fSf;F ePjp toq;Ftjw;Fg; gjpy;> 1950 y; ePjpkd;wk; ,d;ndhU jPHg;ig toq;fpw;W. mJ Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy. ,e;Jf;fs; G+I[ elj;jthHfshk;. K];ypk;fs; mjpy; ve;j ,ilA+WfisAk; nra;J tplf; $lhjhk;.

cj;jpug;gpuNjr Kjy;tH [p.gp. ge;j; mtHfSk; XH ,e;J kjntwpaH vd;gij vy;NyhUk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s ePz;l fhykhfp tpl;lJ.

1959 y; muR nghWg;ghsiu mfw;wp tpl;L> gs;spthriy ,e;Jf;fsplk; xg;gilj;J tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;nwhU tof;F njhlug;gl;lJ. 1961 y; Rd;dp tf;/g; NghHL> gs;spthriyAk ;mijr; Rw;wpAs;s K];ypk;fspd; mlf;fj;jsj;ijAk; K];ypk;fsplk; xg;gilj;jpl Nt;Lk; vd;W Nfhhp tof;Fj; njhlHe;jJ.

,e;j tof;fpy; ,d;W tiu jPHg;G toq;fg;gltpy;iy. ghghp gs;spthriyf; Nfhapyh khw;wpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W njhlug;gl;l tof;Ffspy;> clDf;Fld; jPHg;Gfs; toq;fg;gl;L tpl;ld. Mdhy; K];ypk;fs; j;fs; epahakhd chpikfSf;ffhfj; njhlHe;j tof;Ffspy;> ,J tiu jPHg;Gfs; toq;f;ggl;tpy;iy.

,d;Dk; K];ypk;fs; ,e;j ePjp kd;wq;fis ek;Gfpd;whHfs;. ,Nj Nghy; jhd; 1986 y; gs;spthrypy; fjTfisj; jpwe;J> nghJkf;fspd; G+I[f;fhf mDkjp toq;fpl Ntz;Lk; vd;w jPHg;Gk; te;jJ!

gs;spthriyj; jpwe;J nghJkf;fspd; G+I[ia mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tof;Fj; njhlHe;jtH cNk\; re;jpu ghz;Nl vd;gtH. ,tH ghghp k];[pj; rk;ge;jkhfj; njhlug;gl;l ve;j tof;NfhLk; rk;ge;jg;gltpy;iy.

,tH 1986 k; Mz;L [dthp khjk; ,Wjpapy; gs;spthriyg; nghJkf;fs; G+I[f;fhfj; jpwe;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;nwhU tof;ifg; gjpT nra;fpd;whH. %d;Nw ehl;fspy; mjhtJ gpg;uthp khjk; 1 k; Njjp jPHg;G toq;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. jPHg;G toq;fg;gl;l xU kzp Neuj;jpw;Fs; G+l;L jpwf;fg;gl;L tpl;lJ. ghghp k];[pj; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mbg;gil tof;Ffs; gy caHePjpkd;wj;jpy; fplg;gpy; Nghlg;gl;Ls;sJ gy Mz;Lfshf!

mbg;gil tof;Ffis caHePjpkd;wk; jPHg;G toq;fp> jPHj;J itf;fhj tiu mJ njhlHghd ve;j tof;FfspYk; fPo; ePjpkd;wq;fs; jPHg;G toq;fplf; $lhJ. ,e;j ePjpkd;w newpKiwfisnay;yhk; vLj;njwpe;J tpl;L> ig]hghj; fPo; ePjpkd;wk; jPHg;G toq;Ffpd;wJ. me;jj; jPHg;G clNdNa nray;gLj;jTk;gLfpd;wJ.

,e;jj; jPHg;ig vjpHj;Jk; clNdNa caH ePjpkd;wj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whHfs; K];ypk;fs;. caHePjpkd;wk; gpg;uthp 3 k; ehs; (1986) K];ypk;fspd; Kjfpy; Fj;jp xU jPHg;ig toq;fpaJ.

mjhtJ> ghghp k];[pj; ,Uf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; mg;Nghija epiy mg;gbNa ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj me;jj; jPHg;G!

,jd; nghUs;> gs;spthrypy; njhlHe;J G+I[ elj;jyhk; vd;gNj.

1985 Kjy; mNahj;jpahit> iakhff; nfhz;L RSS, VHP, BJP Kjypa fl;rpfs; xU ngUk; ,af;fj;ijj; Jtq;fpd. 1989 Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; ele;j Fk;gNksh jpUtpohitg; gad;gLj;jp fpuhkk;> fpuhkkhf ,e;j ,af;fj;ijf; nfhz;L nrd;whHfs;. xt;nthU fpuhkj;jpypUe;Jk; =uhk; vdg; nghwpf;fg;gl;l nrq;fy;fs; mNahj;jpia Nehf;fp mDg;gg;gl;ld. 1989 Mk; Mz;L ,uhkH NfhapYf;F mbf;fy; ehl;Lk; tpoh eilngw;wJ. etk;gH khjk; 9 k; ehs; eilngw;w ,e;j fhy;Nfhs; tpohtpy; ,uh[pt; fhe;jp muR K];ypk;fspd; Kjfpy; Fj;jpaJ.

ePjpkd;wq;fshy; jil nra;ag;gl;l xU ,lj;jpy; Nfhapy; fl;l mbj;jsk; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. gz;ghL> ehfhPfk; ,tw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ghH;j;jhy;> kpfTk; fPo;j;jukhdNjhH nray; ,J. ,e;jf; fPo;j;jukhd nraiy ,e;J tl;lhuq;fspy; kpfg; nghpa rhjid vdg; gPw;wpf; nfhz;ld rq;f; ghpthuq;fs;.

etk;gH 1989 k; Mz;L myfhghj; caHePjpkd;wk;> mbf;fy; ehl;Lk; tpoh eilngw;w ,lk;> rHr;irf;Fhpa ,lk; vd;Wk;> mjd; me;j];jpy; ve;j khw;wKk; nfhz;L te;jplf; $lhJ > mjpy; xU Juk;igf; $l khw;wplf; $lhJ vd mwptpj;jJ. vdpDk;> me;j ,lk; gho;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,e;j ehl;bd; ePjpkd;wj;ij xl;L nkhj;jkhf mtkhdg;gLj;jpdhHfs; ,e;J kj ntwpaHfs;. ntwp nfhz;l ,e;j ehl;Lj; Jnuhfj;jpw;Fg; ngaH jha; ehl;bd; kPJs;s khshj gw;W.

1989 Mz;Lj; NjHjy;fs;.

1989 k; Mz;L ele;j NjHjy;fspy;> gh[f ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; 80 ,lq;fisg; gpbj;jJ. mjw;F Ke;ija ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; mJ ngw;wpUe;jJ ntWk; 2 ,lq;fNs!

mg;Nghija murpay; fjhehafdhfTk;> r%f ePjpapd; fhtydhfTk; fhl;lg;gl;l tp.gp.rpq; Ngh/gH]; Coypy; fhq;fpu]; rpf;fpf; nfhz;lJ. ,itnay;yhk; ,e;jj; NjHjiy epHzapj;jd.

Njrpa Kd;dzp vd;w ngahpy; gpN[gp tp.gp.rpq;Fld; ,ize;J epd;wJ. ,itnay;yhk; gpN[gp ,jpy mjpfkhd ,lq;fisg; gpbj;jpl tif nra;jd. Mdhy; gh[f tpdH ,J NfhapYf;fhff; fpilj;j  Xl;L vd;W ngha;g; gpur;rhuk; nra;jhHfs;.

gpN[gp $l;Lld; gzpahw;wpa Njrpa Kd;dzp gy gpur;idfis gpN[gp gpduhNyNa re;jpf;f Ntz;bajhapw;W. ghghp gs;spthry; gpur;idia gpN[gp nghpjhf;fNt> tp.gp.rpq; kz;ly; fkp\d; ghpe;Jiufis clNdNa nray;gLj;Jtjhf mwptpj;jhH. ,e;epiyapy; gpN[gp d; caH rhjp ntwp ntspg;gl;lJ.

1990 y; tp\;t ,e;J ghp\j; ghghp gs;spthry; ,Uf;Fkplj;jpy; Nfhapy; fl;Lk; gzp [dthp 2 k; Njjp Muk;gkhFk; vd mwptpj;jJ. tp.gp.rpq; mtHfspd; Ntz;LNfhspd; fPo; ,J ehd;F khjk; js;spg; Nghlg;gl;lJ. 1990 k; Mz;L nrg;lk;gH khjk; mj;thdp kz;ly; fkp\d; ghpe;Jiu %yk; fpilf;ftpUf;fpd;w r%f ePjpapypUe;J kf;fspd; ftdj;ijj; jpir jpUg;gplTk;> ,uhkH Nfhapy; kPJ kf;fspd; ftdj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jplTk; uj ahj;jpiuia Nkw;nfhz;lhH. ,e;j uj ahj;jpiuapd; ngauhy; eilngw;w tFg;Gf; fytuq;fspdhy;> gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd K];ypk;fs; capH Jwe;jhHfs;. uj ahj;jpiu ehL KotJk; Vw;gLj;jpa nfhe;jspg;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; mijj; jil nra;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd tpz;zgpj;jdH kf;fs;.

uj ahj;jpiuiaj; jil nra;jhy; tp.gp.rpq; mtHfspd; muRf;F mspj;J tUk; Mjuitg; gpd; thq;FNthk; vd mwptpj;jhHfs; gpN[gp apdH. mg;NghJ cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy; Kyhak; rpq; ahjt; mtHfs; Ml;rp elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. gPfhH khepyj;jpy; yy;Y gpurhj; ahjt; mtHfs; Ml;rp elj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mj;thdpAk; mtUila ghpthuq;fSk; cj;jpu gpuNjrj;jpw;Fs; GFe;J fytuq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F Kd;dhy;> uj ahj;jpiuiaj; jLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd KbT nra;J> uj ahj;jpiu gPfhhpy; rk];jpg;G+H te;j NghJ 23.10.1990 md;W mj;thdp ifJ nra;ag;gl;L> muR tpUe;jpdH khspifapd; fhtypy; itf;fg;gl;lhH. mj;thdpiaf; ifJ nra;jJk;> xU ngUk; $l;lk; mNahj;jpia Nehf;fpg; gha;e;jJ. Kyhak; rpq; ahjt; mtHfspd; jiyikapyhd cj;jpug;gpuNjr muR cWjpahd eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhz;lJ.

,Nj mf;NlhgH khjk; 30 k; ehs; (1990) eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Mdhy; Kyhak; rpq; ahjt; fz;bg;ghd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lhH. ,jdhy; gs;spthry; ,bf;fg;glhky; jLf;fg;gl;lJ. MdhYk;> gs;spthrypd; ntspr;RtHfs; Nrjg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. rpyH gs;spthrypd; Nky; fhtpf; nfhbiaAk; Vw;wpdhHfs;. ,g;gbg; gs;spthriyj; jfHg;gijj; jLj;J tpl;lJ. kz;ly; fkp\d; ghpe;Jiuiar; nray;gLj;j Kide;J r%f ePjp toq;fpl Kide;jJ - ,tw;iw kdjpw; nfhz;L gpN[gp apdH tpgprpq; muRf;F je;j Mjuitg; gpd; thq;fpdH.

tp.gp. rpq; gjtp ,oe;jhH. ghghp gs;spthry; tptfhuj;jpy; R%fkhd KbT fhz;Nghk; vdj; njhlHe;J te;j fhq;fpu]; #Siuj;jJ. ghghp gs;spthry; gs;spthry; jhd; vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fis K];ypk;fs; je;jpl Ntz;Lk;. mJ Nfhapy; jhd; vd;gij ep&gpj;jpl Mjhuq;fs; ,Ue;jhy;> ,e;Jf;fs; je;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;nwhU mwptpg;G ,U jug;ghiuAk; Nehf;fp itf;fg;gl;lJ.

ghghp gs;spthry; eltbf;iff; FO vd;w K];ypk;fspd; mzp Mjhuq;fNshL te;jJ. ,e;Jj; jPtputhjpfNsh> ,J kj ek;gpf;if. ,jw;F Mjhuq;fs; vd vJTk; juj; Njit ,y;iy vd;W mwptpj;jhHfs;. mj;NjhL kJuh> thuzhrp Mfpa ,lq;fspypUf;Fk; gs;spthry;fisAk; ,e;Jf;fsplk; xg;gilj;jpl Ntz;Lk;vdTk; ,e;Jj; jPtputhjpfs; mwpf;if tpl;lhHfs;. ,jpypUe;J ,e;Jj; jPtputhjpfsplk; Mjhuq;fs;  VJk; ,y;iy vd;Wk;> Mjhuq;fshy; rhjpf;f ,ayhjtw;iw mlhtbj;jdq;fshy; rhjpf;f Kidfpd;whHfs; vd;gJk; njspthdJ

1991 NjHjy;fSk; gs;spthry; ,bg;GfSk;

tp.gp.rpq; mtHfspd; muR tPo;e;jTld;> re;jpuNrfH jdJ muir mikj;jhH. re;jpuNrfiu muR mikf;f gzpj;jJ fhq;fpu]; jhd;. gpd;dH ,Nj fhq;fpu]; re;jpuNrfH mtHfisg; gjtpapypUe;J tPo;j;jpw;W. 1991 k; Mz;L [{d; khjk; nghJj; NjHjy;fs; ele;jd. ghujPa [djh fl;rp ,jpy; jd;Dila vz;zpf;ifiar; rw;W mjpfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. mjhtJ 80 mq;fj;jpdHfypUe;J 117 mq;fj;jpduhdhHfs;. ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;whHfs;.

mj;NjhL ghujPa [djh fl;rp cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;> kj;jpag; gpuNjrk;> uh[];jhd;> `pkhr;ryg;gpuNjrk; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; Ml;rpf;F te;jJ. gp.tp. eurpk;kuht; ,e;jpahtpd; gpujkuhdhH. ghujPa [djh fl;rpapd; jiytH yhy; fpU\;z mj;thdp vjpHf;fl;rpj; jiytuhdhH.

cj;jpug;gpuNjrj;jpy; ghujPa [djh fl;rpf;Ff; fpilj;j thf;Ffspd; tpfpjk; 32 rjtPjk; kl;LNk. vdpDk; fy;ahz; rpq; vd;gtiu Kjy;tuhfff; nfhz;L mq;Nf ghujPa [djh fl;rp mikr;ruitia 24 [{d; 1991 y; mikj;jJ.

gjtp Vw;w kW ehs; ghujPa [djh fl;rpapd; Kjy;tH fy;ahz; rpq; jd;Dila mikr;ruig; ghpthuj;Jld; mNahj;jpah nrd;W ghghp gs;spthrYf;Fs; Eioe;jhH. mq;Nf XH cWjp nkhopiaAk; vLj;jhH. mjpy> ,jpy; (gs;spthrypy;) epr;rakhf XH Nfhapy; fl;lg;gLk; vd #Siuj;jhH.

topghl;Lj; jyq;fspd; rl;lk;

1991 y; eurpk;k uht; muR XH rpwg;Gr; rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJ. me;jr; rl;lj;jpd; ngaH Places of Worship  (Special Provisions Act) 1991. ,e;jr; rl;lk; nrg;lk;gH khjk; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. ,e;jr; rl;lk; ve;jg; gs;spthrYk; MyakhfNth> NfhapyhfNth> khw;wg;glyhfhJ vd;Wk;> ve;jf; NfhapYk; MyakhfNth> gs;spthryhfNth khw;wg;gl KbahJ vd;W giw rhw;wpaJ 

,e;jr; rl;lk; 15.08.1947 mjhtJ ,e;jpah tpLjiy mile;j ehs; Kjw; nfhz;L> topghl;Lj; jyq;fs; vg;gb ,Ue;jdNth mg;gbNa ghJfhf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; mwptpj;jJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; ghghp gs;spthriy> ,e;jr; rl;lk; fl;Lg;gLj;jhJ vd;Wk; nrhy;ypw;W. mjhtJ> ghghp gs;spthriy Ntz;Lkhdhy; Nfhapyhff khw;wpf; nfhs;syhk; vd;gijr; nrhy;yhky; nrhy;ypw;W. ,e;jr; rl;lj;ij kPWNthUf;F 3 Mz;Lfs; tiu jz;lidfs; jug;gLkhk;. mjhtJ 3 Mz;Lfs; rpiwapypUf;f rpj;jkhf ,Ug;NghH jq;fs; tpUg;gk; Nghy; nray;glyhk;. ,e;jr; rl;lk; ,d;ndhU Vkhw;W Nkhrb Ntiy mt;tsT jhd;.

,e;jr; rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJk;> K];ypk;fSf;F xU rpW Mwjy;. thuzhrpapYk; kJuhtpYk; ,Uf;Fk; gs;spthry;fs; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;L tpLk; vd;gJ jhd; me;j Mwjy;. gs;spthryiyr; Rw;wpAs;s epyq;fs; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. 1991 k; Mz;L mf;NlhgH khjk; gpN[gp d; cj;jpug;gpuNjr muR> ghghp gs;spthriyr; Rw;wpAs;s 2774 Vf;fH epyj;ijf; ifafg;gLj;jpaJ.

,jw;F mJ $wpa fhuzk;> Rw;Wyhit tsHg;gJk;> mNahj;jpah tUk; ahj;jphPfHfSf;F trjpfs; nra;J jUtJkhFk;. ,e;jg; gpN[gp muR gpwg;gpj;j Mizfspd; mbg;gilapy;> mf;NlhgH khjk; 12 k; ehs; 1991 Kjy; ghghp gs;spthriyr; Rw;wpAs;s 2774 Vf;fH epyk; muRf;Fr; nrhe;jk;.

,jd; cs;Nehf;fk; vd;dntdpy;> ghghp gs;spthriy ,bj;J tpl;L ,uhkH Nfhapy; fl;LtNj! mf;NlhgH 17> 1991 md;W myfhghj; caHePjpkd;wj;jpy; XH hpl;kD jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;j hpl; kD> cj;jpug; gpuNjr murpd; Miz> mjhtJ ghghp gs;spthry; cl;gl;l ,lj;jpy; 2774 Vf;fH epyj;ijf; ifafg;gLj;jpa Miz nry;yhJ vd mwptpf;Fk;gb Ntz;baJ.

,jd; mbg;gilapy; myfhghj caH ePjpkd;wk; 1991 mf;NlhgH 25 k; ehd; me;j Miz nry;yhJ vd;W  nrhy;yhky;> ifafg;gLj;jpa ,lj;jpy; epue;jukhd fl;llq;fs; vijAk; fl;blf; $lhJ vd;Wk;> ,Wjpj; jPHg;G tUk; tiu me;j ,lj;ij ahUf;Fk; nrhe;jkhf;fpg; ngaH khw;wk; nra;jplf; $lhJ vd;Wk;> mj;NjhL me;j ,lj;jpy; elf;Fk; mj;jidf; fl;Lkhdg; gzpfisAk; clNdNa epWj;jp tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mizapl;lJ.

Mdhy;> fy;ahz; rpq; muR ghghp gs;spthriyr; Rw;wpAs;s 2774 Vf;fH epyj;ijf; ifafg;gLj;jpaJk; tpn`r;gp njhz;lHfs; mNrhf; rpq;fhypd; Nkw;ghHitapd; fPOk;> g[;uq;js; njhz;lHfs; tpda; fl;bahH jiyikapYk; ,e;j epyg;gug;gpypUe;J rpW rpW Nfhapy;fis vy;yhk; ,bj;jhHfs;. ,e;jr; rpW Nfhapy;fis ,tHfs; ,bj;jw;Ff; fhuzk;> nghpa ,uhkH Nfhapiyf; fl;LtNjahFk;.

,Nj Ntfj;jpYk;> ntwpapYk; mtHfs; ,uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Ltjw;fhd gpujhd thriy vOg;Gjtw;F mbf;fy;Yk; ehl;b tpl;lhHfs;. ,e;j mbf;fy; ehl;Lg; gzp 22> mf;NlhgH 1991 y; eilngw;wJ. eurpk;k uht; muR ,j;jidiaAk; Ntbf;if ghHj;Jf; nfhz;L iffl;b tha; nghj;jp epd;wJ. ,j;jidiaAk; Kbe;j gpd;dH jhd; ePjp kd;wk; jdJ Mizia mf;NlhgH 25 y; gpwg;gpj;jJ.

ePjpkd;w Mizf;Fg; gpd;dUk; mq;F fl;Lkhzg; gzpfs; njhlHe;jd. 1991 mf;NlhgH 30 y; nfhbNaw;wpdhHfs;. ,e;ehspy; tpn`r;gp njhz;lHfs; gs;spthry; Kd; $b 1990 y; mq;F te;j fuNritf;fhuHfSf;Fg; ghuhl;Lf; $l;lk; elj;jpdhHfs;. ,jpy;> ,e;J ntwp jiytHfs; Fokp ,Ue;Njhiuj; J}z;b tpLk; mstpy; td;Kiwg; Ngr;Rf;fisf; fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;ldH.

Mj;jpuk; nfhz;l $l;lj;jpdH> gs;spthrypd; Nky; Vwp fhtpf; nfhbiaf; fl;bdH. fy;ahz;rpq; muR mtHfSf;F Cf;fk; je;jJ. eurpk;k uht; muR mikjp fhj;jJ.

1992 gpg;uthp

8 k; ehs;> cj;jpug;gpuNjr muR jhd; ifafg;gLj;jpa ,lj;ijr; Rw;wpj; jLg;Gr; RtH vOg;Gk; gzpapy; jd;id <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ.

1992 khHr;

fy;ahz;rpq;fpd; gh[f muR> ghghp gs;spthriyr; Rw;wp ,d;Dk; 42 Vf;fH epyj;ij ,uhk[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lisf;Ff; Fj;jiff;F tpl;lJ. ,e;j ,lk; ,uhkH fij nrhy;Yk; G+q;fh mikj;jpl gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vdTk; mwptpj;jJ muR.

1992 khHr; 22

,jpy; cw;rhfk; ngw;w tpn`r;gp> g[;uq;js; njhz;lHfs; ,d;DkpUe;j rpW> rpW Nfhapy;fis ,bj;J ,uhkH fij nrhy;Yk; G+q;fh mikj;jpl tif nra;jdH.

,e;jr; rhf;fpy; Rw;wp ,Ue;j tPLfisAk;> filfisAk; ,bj;Jj; jiukl;lkhf;fpdH. ,e;j tptfhuk; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; tpthjpf;fg;gl;lJ. kj;jpa muR> khepy muir kpul;b rpy mwpf;ifia ntspapl;l thshtpUe;jJ.

1992 Vg;uy;

7 k; ehs; ehlhSkd;wk;> ehlhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfs;> Njrpa xUikg;ghl;Lf; Fotpd; cWg;gpdHfs; MfpNahiuf; nfhz;l 35 cWg;gpdHfs; mNahj;jpahtpy; ghghp gs;spthry; tshfj;jpw;Fs; vd;d jhd; ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;gijg; ghHitaplr; nrd;wdH. ,e;jg; ghHitf; FOTf;F [djh jsj; jiytH v];.MH. nghk;ik mtHfs; jiyik jhq;fpdhHfs;.

,e;jf; FO mNahj;jpahtpYk; ghghp gs;spthapy; tshfj;jpw;Fs;Sk; ePjp kd;w MizfSk;> ePjpkd;w newpfSk; njhlHe;J kPwg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd vd;w mwpf;if rkHg;gpj;jJ. ,e;j mwpf;ifapd mbg;gilapy; ve;j eltbf;ifAk; vLf;fg;gltpy;iy.

fuNrit [{iy 1992

9 k; ehs; 2.774 Vf;fH epyj;jpy; myfhghj; caHePjpkd;wj;jpd; Mizfs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;L> fuNritfs; eilngw;wd. ePjpkd;w Mizg; Gwf;fzpg;Gf;F eltbf;if Vjkpy;iy. 15 k; ehs; tpn`r;gp f;F myfhghj; caH ePjpkd;wk; XH Mizapl;lJ. me;j Miz> ghghp gs;spthry; tshfj;jpw;Fs; elf;Fk; mj;jid fl;Lkhdg; gzpfisAk; clNdNa epWj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj! ePjpkd;w Miz Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;lJ. eltbf;if Vjkpy;iy. [{iy 22> 1992 md;W cr;r ePjpkd;wk; XH Miziag; gpwg;gpj;J> fl;Lkhdg; gzpfis epWj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vdg; gzpj;jJ. 23 [{iy> 1992 y; fy;ahz; rpq; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy;> ,dp mjd; Mizfis epge;jidfspd;wp mbgzpe;jpl rpj;jkha; ,Ug;gjhf mwptpj;jhH.

gpujkH eurpk;k uht; mtHfs; rhJf;fSf;Fj; je;j cWjpnkhop

[{iy 22> 1992 md;W eurpk;k uht; mtHfs; rhJf;fis - rhkpahHfis mioj;Jg; NgrpdhH. ePjpkd;w Mizfisr; nray;gLj;j kdkpy;yhj mtH> rhJf;fis mioj;Jr; rkhjhdk; NgrpdhH. me;jr; rhJf;fsplk; fuNritia epWj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Kiwapl;lhH. ehd;Nf khjq;fspy; jhd; nkhj;jg; gpur;idfSf;Fk; jPHT fz;L gpbj;J tpLNtd; vd;Wk; thf;fspj;jhH. fuNritia epWj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd Kiwapl;l mtH> fuNrit nra;gtHfspd; kPJ ve;jg; gyg; gpuNahfKk; nra;ag;gl khl;lhJ vd;Wk; xU Njitaw;w ahUk; Nfl;fhj thf;FWjpiaj; je;jhH.

,e;jf; filrp thf;Fwjpapd; nghUs; ePq;fs; fuNritiaj; njhlHe;J elj;jyhk; vd;gNj! mj;NjhL rhJf;fs; fuNritahsHfis gf;fj;jpy; fpU\;zDila Nfhapiyf; fl;Ltjw;fhf mDg;gpdhHfs;.

ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; gpujkH ngha; nrhd;dhuh?

rhJf;fis re;jpj;J xU thuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;> gpujkH ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; xU jftiyr; nrhd;dhH. jhd; rhJf;fisr; re;jpj;Jg; Ngrp tpl;ljhfTk;> gy;NtW ePjpkd;wq;fspYk; fplg;gpypUf;Fk;> ghghp gs;spthry; rk;ge;jg;gl;l tof;Ffis cr;rePjpkd;wj;jplk; xg;gilf;fg; NghtjhfTk;> cr;rePjpkd;wj;jplk; ,e;j tof;fpy; tpiue;J jPHg;gspf;f Ntz;blg; NghtjhfTk; mwptpj;jhH.

mj;NjhL ghghp gs;spthriyf; fl;Ltjw;F Kd; mq;fpUe;j Nfhapy; VNjDk; ,bf;fg;gl;ljh? vd;nwhU tpdhit cr;rePjpkd;wj;jplk itj;J tpil Nfl;fg; NghtjhfTk; mwptpj;jhH.

ghghp gs;spthry; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; Kd;dH xU Nfhapy; ,Ue;jJ vd cr;rePjpkd;wk; jPHg;G toq;fpdhy; ,e;J tFg;Gthjpfs; nrhy;tijf; Nfl;lhf Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j mwptpg;igr; nra;j kWehs; rhJf;fs; kpuz;lhHfs;. gpujkiu kpul;bdhHfs;. gpujkH jq;fsplk; (rhJf;fsplk;) NgrpLk; NghJ ePjpkd;w tptfhuq;fs; vijAk; Ngrtpy;iy MfNt gpujkH ngha; nrhy;Yfpd;whH. vdNt ehq;fs; gpujkhplk; xg;Gf; nfhz;ltw;wpypUe;J gpd;thq;Ffpd;Nwhk; vd;Wk; mwptpj;jdH.

Mdhy; ghghp gs;spthry; nray;ghl;Lf; FO (AIBMAC : All India Babri Masjid Action Committee) ePjpkd;wk; nrhy;tij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjhf mwptpj;jJ.

Mdhy; ,e;Jj; jPtputhjpfs; kj ek;gpf;if vd;gJ ePjpkd;w KbTfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ. MfNt ,e;j tptfhuj;;jpy; ePjpkd;wk; nrhy;tij Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fpy;iy vd;W mwptpj;jhHfs;.

1992 mf;NlhgH 30>31 ehl;fspy; .. ..

tpn`r;gp apd; rhJf;fspd; mit nly;ypapy; $b gpd;tUkhW mwptpj;jJ:

ePjpkd;w Mizfisg; gw;wpf; ftiyg; glhky; brk;gH 6> 1992 Kjy; fuNrit Jtq;Fk;. mJ fHg;gf; fpufj;jpypUe;J – mjhtJ ghghp gs;spthrypd; kj;jpa (^k;) gFjpapypue;J Muk;gpf;Fk;. me;jf; fuNrit Nfhapy; fl;b Kbf;fg;gLk; tiu njhlUk;.. ..

1992 etk;gH cr;r ePjpkd;w cj;juT

,e;ehspy; cr;r ePjpkd;wk;> cj;jpug;gpuNjr muRf;F 2.774 Vf;fhpy; ve;jf; fl;Lkhdg;gzpfSk; elf;ff; $lhJ> vd;Wk; Mizapl;lJ. mj;NjhL fl;Lkhdg; gzpfis muR vg;gbj; jLf;fg; Nghfpd;wJ vd;gij vOj;J %yk; cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; njhptpj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;wk; $wpaJ.

cr;rePjpkd;wk; gpwg;gpj;j ,e;j Mizapd; fPo;> cj;jpug;gpuNjr ghujPa [djhf; fl;rpj; jiytH XH mwpf;ifia cr;rePjpkd;wj;jpy; jhf;fy; nra;jhH.

me;j mwpf;ifapy;> brk;gH 6> 1992 md;W elf;ftpUf;Fk; fuNrit rkpf;iQ mstpy; jhd; eilngWk;. mj;Jld; fPHj;jidfs; ghlg;gLk; vdj; njhptpj;jhH. Mdhy; gpN[gp jiytHfshd vy;.Nf.mj;thdp> Kusp kNdhfH N[h]p mtHfSk;> fuNritf;fhuHfs; g[idfisAk; fPHj;jidfisAk; ghl tutpy;y. mtHfs; KO mstpy; Nfhapy; fl;lNt tUfpd;whHfs; vd mwptpj;jhHfs;.

Mdhy; gs;spthapiy ,bg;gjw;Fj; Njitahdtw;iwnay;yhk; rq;f; ghpthuk; KO mstpy; Vw;ghL nra;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,jid mwpe;Jk; muR Ntbf;if ghHj;Jf; nfhz;L epd;wJ.

brk;gH 6> 1992 QhapW md;W RkhH 11 kzp mstpy; Muk;gpj;J khiy 6 kzp mstpy; ghghp gs;spthry; Koikahf ,bj;J jiukl;lkhf;fg;gl;lJ.

,ij gh[f jiytHfs; Nehpy; ghHj;J kfpo;e;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. FbauRj; jiytUf;Fk; gpujkH mtHfSf;Fk; jtwhky; nra;jpfs; te;J nfhz;bUe;jd. ,bj;J Kbj;j gpd;dH me;j ,lj;jpy; uhkH - rPij (Foe;ijfs;) rpiyia itj;jhHfs;.

1992 brk;gH 8 k; ehs; kj;jpa murpd; nrytpd; fPo; fuNritf;fhuHfs; ,ytrkhf mtutH ,y;yq;fSf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;ldH.

fuNritf;fhuHfis ,ytrkhf ,y;yhq;nfhz;L Nrh;j;jpl nuapy;Nt Jiwf;F kl;LNk 300 Nfhb nryT vd nuapy;Nt mikr;rfk; njhptpj;jJ.

vjpnuhyp

1992> brk;gH 6 md;W khiy cj;jpug;gpuNjr Kjy;tH fy;ahz; rpq; Kjyikr;rH gjtpia ,uh[pdhkh nra;jhH. vy;.Nf.mj;thdp md;W tiu jhd; tfpj;J te;j ehlhSkd;w vjpHf;fl;rpg; gjtpia ,uh[pdhkh nra;jhH. 

cj;jpug;gpuNjr rl;lrig fiyf;fg;gl;lJ. FbauRj; jiytH Ml;rp mq;Nf mky;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ghghp gs;spthry; ,bf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; ,uhkH NfhapYf;F gyj;j ghJfhg;Gfs; Nghlg;gl;ld. ,jw;fpilNa mNahj;jpapypUe;j K];ypk;fs; mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH.

ehL KotJk; K];ypk;fs; jq;fs; Mjq;fj;ij ntspf;fhl;l mwg; Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;jpdH. gy;yhapuk; K];ypk;fs; Jg;ghf;fpf; Fz;LfSf;Fg; gypahf;fg;gl;ldH. ,d;Dk; gy Mapuk; K];ypk;fs; jlh tpd; fPo; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L epue;jukhfr; rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. (ed;wp : tpbay; nts;sp brk;gH 1998)

(,d;\h my;yh`; .. .. ,e;jg; gf;fj;jpy; ,dp tUk; fhyq;fspy; ghghp k];[pj; gw;wpa midj;Jj; jfty;fisAk; ,izf;f ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,J gw;wp jfty;fs; ju tpUk;GNthH vkJ <nkapy; KfthpAld; njhlHG nfhs;syhk;. cq;fsJ jfty;fis mDg;gp ,e;jj; jsk; ,d;Dk; typikahdjhf cUntLf;f ePq;fs; JizAk; epw;fyhk;).

,J xU tuyhw;W Mtzk;

;ghgH k#jp ,bg;G tptfhuk; kw;Wk; khHr; 15 y; G+kp G+i[ njhlHghf ele;j epfo;Tfs;

24 gpg;uthp 2002

fhtpf; nfhbfis Ve;epagb F[uhj; khepyk; Mkjhghj; uapy; epiyaj;jpy; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd fuNrtfHfs; uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Ltjw;fhf $bdH.

mNahj;jp tptfhuj;jpy; jpKf> mjpKf nksdk; Ntjid mspf;fpwJ khHf;rp];l; fk;A+dp];L fl;rp mwpf;if

cgp - apy; ve;jf; fl;rp ntd;whYk; uhkH Nfhapy;  fl;Lk; jpl;lj;jpy; khw;wkpy;iy. g[;uq; jsk; mwptpg;G

2 khHr; 2002

F[uhj; fytuk; Muk;gk;. mNahj;jp nrd;W tpl;L te;j fuNrtfHfs; uapypy; vhpg;G

6 khHr; 2002

fuNrtfHfspd; nfhiyj; jhf;FjYf;Fg; gae;J mNahj;jp K];ypk;fs; Ciuf; fhyp nra;J> ntspCHfSf;Fr; nry;fpd;wdH.

mNahj;jp gpur;idapy; fhQ;rp rq;fuhr;rhhpahH jiyaPL. Gjpa Nahrid.

mNahj;jpapy; rHr;irf;Fhpa ,lj;jpy; vt;tpjg; gzpiaAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;lhk; vd;W uhk [d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lisiaAk;> tpvr;gp ,af;fj;ijAk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nld;. muR ifafg;Lj;jpAs;s rHr;irf;F ,lkpy;yhj gFjpia uhkH Nfhtpy; fl;Ltjw;F `pe;J mikg;Gfsplk; mspj;jhy;> rHr;ir;fFhpa gFjpapy; ve;jg; gzpiaAk; Nkw; nfhs;s khl;Nlhk; vd;W tpvr;gp uhkn[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lis Mfpa ,U mikg;GfSk; cWjpaspj;Js;sd.

rHr;irf;fplkpy;yhj gFjpia tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J tpl;lhy; jq;fSf;F vd;d fpilf;Fk; vd K];ypk; jiytHfs; re;Njfk; vOg;gpdH. Mdhy;> mg;gFjp uhk[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lisf;FhpaJ. rHr;irf;FhpaJ.  rHr;irf;Fhpa gFjpapy; jw;Nghija epiy ePbf;Fk; vd;W njspTgLj;jpNdhk;. mjpy; mtHfSf;Fj; jpUg;jp Vw;gl;ljhfj; njhpfpwJ. K];ypk; rl;l thhpaj;jpd; nghJr; nrayhsH iraj; ep[hKjPd; jiyikapyhd 11 NgH nfhz;l J}Jf;FOTld; [Nae;jpuiur; nrt;tha;f; fpoik re;jpj;jdH.

jilia kPwp mNahj;jpapy; fuNrtfHfs; CHtyk;.

,e;j CHtyk; fuNrtf Guk; tiu xU fpkP njhiyTf;F eilngw;wJ. mtHfisj; jLf;f Nghyp]hH vLj;j Kaw;rp gydspf;ftpy;iy. fuNrtfHfspd; Chtyj;ij mikjp CHtyk; vd;W %j;j mjpfhhp xUtH Fwpg;gpl;lhH. rl;lj;ij mtHfs; ahUk; kPwtpy;iy vd;Wk; mtH nrhd;dhH.

7 khHr; 2002

mNahj;jp tof;if tpiutpy; jPHf;f kD. cr;r ePjp kd;wj;jpy; kj;jpa muR jhf;fy;.

epyj;ij guhkhpf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;Ws;s muRf;Fk;> ,e;j tof;fpw;Fk; rk;ge;jkpy;iy. mjdhy; mJ jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;l kD tprhhpf;fg;glf; $bajy;y vd;W> rd;dp tf;/g; NghHL rhHghf ]gHahg; [Pyhdp NfhHl;by; M[uhfp thjhbdhH.

mNahj;jp gpur;idapy; ePjpkd;wj; jPHg;ig kjpg;Nghk; vd;W cWjp nkhop mspf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,g;nghOJs;s epiy ePbf;fg;gLk; vd;W jhd; uhk[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lis cWjpaspj;jJ. gpur;idf;Fhpa ,lj;jpy; ghghp k#jp fl;l mDkjpf;f khl;Nlhk;. me;j ,lk; uhkH Nfhapy; ,Ue;j ,lkhFk;. K];ypk;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhf ePjpkd;wk; jPHg;G toq;fpdhy; tp];t ,e;J ghp\j; vd;d nra;Ak; vd epUgHfs; ghp\j;jpd; %j;j Jizj; jiytH Mr;rhHa fphpuh[; fpN\hH mtHfsplk; Nfl;ljw;F> tuyhw;Wf;F vjpuhf ePjpkd;wj; jPHg;G ,Uf;f KbahJ. ePjpkd;w cj;jutpd; Nghpy; jhd; Nfhapypd; fjTfs; jpwf;fg;gl;ld. gpur;idf;Fhpa ,lj;jpy; jilapd;wp G+I[ elj;j mDkjpf;fyhk; vd;W ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutpl;Ls;sJ vd;w mtH> thuzhrpapy; NfhrpGuh gFjpapy; cs;s K];ypk;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd ,LfhLfis mfw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W cr;rePjpkd;wk; 20 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; jPHg;G $wpaJ. mj; jPHg;G ,d;Dk; epiwNtw;wg;gltpy;iy.

cr;r ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F vjpuhd fUj;J : Gf;fH tpUJ ngw;w mUe;jjp uha;f;F xU ehs; rpiw> 2000 &gha; mguhjk;. mguhjj;ijr; nrYj;jj; jtwpdhy; 3 khj rpiw. eHkij mizj; jpl;lj;Jf;F vjpuhf fle;j brk;gH khjk; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; vjpNu MHg;ghl;lk; ele;jJ. ,jpy; fye;J nfhz;l mUe;jjp uha;> cr;rePjpkd;wj; jPHg;Gf;F vjpuhd Nfh\q;fis vOg;gpajhf vOe;j Gfhhpd; Nghpy;> ePjpkd;w mtkjpg;G tof;Fj; njhlug;gl;lJ.

ghghp k];[pj; w;F ve;j tpj Nrjj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;j khl;Nlhk; vd;W vOj;J %yk; ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F thf;FWjp mspj;j mj;thdp ,d;iwf;F ve;jtpj jz;lidAkpd;wp cs;Jiw mikr;ruhfg; gjtpapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUg;gJ> ,e;j [dehafj;jpd; ePjpj;Jiwapd; typik?iaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

8 khHr; 2002

mNahj;jp gpur;idapy; ePjpkd;wk; mspf;Fk; ve;jtpj jPHg;Gf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLNthk;. tp];t ,e;J ghp\j; mwptpg;G.

,J Fwpj;J gpujkH th[;ghaplk; vOj;J %ykhf cWjpnkhop mspj;jpUg;gjhff; $wpAs;sJ. tp];t `pe;J ghp\j;jpd; rHtNjr nray; jiytH mNrhf; rpq;fhy; mtrukhff; $l;lg;gl;l gj;jphpf;ifahsHfs; $l;lj;jpy; ,e;j Kf;fpakhd Kbit mwptpj;jhH. gpur;idf;Fhpa ,lk; ahUf;Fr; nrhe;jk; vd;W ePjpkd;wk; jPHg;G mspf;fpd;wNjh mg;NghJ me;j ,lk; mtHfSf;Fj; jug;gLk; vd;W ehd; gpujkhplk; cWjp mspj;Js;Nsd; vd;whH mtH.

mNahj;jpg; gpur;idapy; KbntLg;gjpy; tpvr;gp f;F ve;jg; gq;Fk; ,y;iy - [Nae;jpuH.

mNahj;jpg; gpur;idapy; ,e;J K];ypk;fs; ,ilNa mikjp Vw;gl ghLgl;L tUfpNwd;. ,J KO ntw;wp ngWk; vd;w ek;gpf;if cs;sJ. tp];t ,e;J ghp\j;jpd; ve;j mwptpg;igAk; ek;g Ntz;lhk;. mNahj;jpg; gpur;id njhlHghf KbntLg;gjpy; mjd; gq;F Vjkpy;iy. ,jpy; uhk [d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lis $WtijNa fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mNahj;jpg; gpur;idf;F mur> uhk n[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lis> K];ypk;fs; ,ize;J [{d; khjk; 2 k; Njjpf;Fs; jPHT fz;L tpLthHfs;.

9 khHr; 2002

mNahj;jpapy; rHr;irf;fplkpy;yhj epyj;jpy; uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Lk; gzp [{dpy; njhlf;fk;. khHr; 15 y; G+kp G+i[.

nrd;id jpUk;gpa [Nae;jpuH mwptpg;G. mNj Neuj;jpy; rHr;irf;Fhpa epyj;jpy; ,g;NghJs;s epiyNa njhlUk;. ,J Fwpj;J cr;r ePjpkd;wk; toq;Fk; jPHg;ig midj;Jj; jug;gpdUk; Vw;Wf; nfhs; Kd; te;Js;sdH.

tp];t ,e;J ghp\j; jiytHfs; kPJ ePjpkd;w mtkjpg;G tof;F : K`k;kJ `h\pk; vd;gtH jhf;fy; nra;j ,e;j tof;fpy;> mNrhf; rpq;fhy;> Mr;rhHa fphpuh[; cs;gl tp];t ,e;J ghp\j; jiytHfs; k#jp ,Ue;j ,lj;ijf; Nfhapyhf khw;w gpur;rhuk; nra;J tUfpd;wdH. me;j mlj;jpy; jw;NghJs;s epiyNa ePbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W myfhghj; caHePjpkd;wk; mspj;j cj;juit ,jd; %yk; mtHfs; kPwp tUfpd;wdH. ePjp kd;w cj;juit nray;gLj;jj; jtwpa mNahj;jp khtl;l kh[p];jpNul; kw;Wk; caH NghyP]; mjpfhhpfs; kPJ eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. cj;jug; gpuNjr Kjy;tH uh[;ehj; rpq;> kj;jpa cs;Jiw nrayhsH fky;ghz;Nl MfpNahH kPjp ePjpkd;wj;ij mtkjpj;jw;fhf eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpRt ,e;J ghp\j; jiytHfSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLg;gjhf gpujkH th[;ghapAk;> cs;Jiw mikr;rH mj;thdpAk; mwpf;if ntspapltpy;iy. vdNt mtHfs; tpvr;gp jiytHfSf;F MjuT jUfpd;wdH vd;Wk; mk; kDtpy; mtH Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH.

10 khHr; 2002

cr;rePjpkd;wj; jPHg;gpd;gb muR nray;gLk; - gpujkH th[;gha; mwptpg;G.

mNahj;jpf;F ,uhZtj;ij mDg;Gk;gb c.gp. ftHdH tp.Nf.rh];jphp kj;jpa muRf;F vOj;Jg; G+Ht Nfhhpf;ifia tpLj;Js;shH. ,jidg; ghprPypg;gjhf ngHzhz;l]; mwptpg;G.

mNahj;jpapy; jilia ePf;Ftjw;F K];ypk; mikg;G fz;ldk;. jw;Nghija neUf;fbahd #o;epiyapy; mNahj;jpf;Fs; Eioa ,Uf;Fk; jilia ePf;FtjhdJ fz;bf;fj;jf;fJ. mNahj;jpapy; rHr;irf;Fhpa ,lj;jpy; ,g;NghJs;s epiyia ePbf;fr; nra;Ak; nghWg;G muRf;F cs;sJ. jilia ePf;fpdhy; tpRt ,e;J ghp\j; kw;Wk; uhk [d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lisapdH frNrtfHfis xd;W jpul;LtH. mJ kl;Lky;y> khHr; 15 k; Njjp jq;fs; jpl;lj;ijAk; nray;gLj;jj; njhlq;FtH. ,jw;F ,lk; juyhfhJ. mNahj;jpf;F mjpfhug;G+Ht gazk; Nkw;nfhz;l kj;jpa cs;Jiw ,izaikr;rH I.b.Rthkp mq;F> uhk[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lisj; jiytiu re;jpj;Jg; NgrpAs;sJk; fz;bf;fj;jf;fJ vd; mfpy ,e;jp K];ypk; k[;ypN\ K\htuj; mikg;gpd; jiytH \`hGj;jPd; njhptpj;Js;shH.

11 khHr; 2002

mNahj;jpapy; G+kp G+i[ elj;Jk; gpur;idapy;> [Nae;jpuhpd; Nahridia K];ypk; rl;l thhpak; epuhfhpj;jJ.

mNahj;jpay; uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Ltjw;F> rHr;irf;F ,lkpy;yhj gFjpapy; khHr; 15 k; Njjp milahskhf G+kp G+I[ elj;j mDkjpg;gJ njhlHghf fhQ;rp rq;fuhr;rhhpahH [Nae;jpu ru];tjp Rthkpfs; $wpa Nahridia mfpy ,e;jpa K];ypk; jdpegH rl;l thhpak; epuhfhpj;J tpl;lJ. mNahj;jpapy; milahs G+kp G+I[ elj;Jtjw;Fj; jil tpjpf;FkhW kj;jpa muir ,e;j thhpak; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ. mNahj;jpg; gpur;idf;Fj; Jz;L Jz;lhfj; jPHT fhz;gJ rhj;jpakw;wJ vd;W mJ Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sJ.

NkYk;> fhQ;rp Rthkpfs; $wpapUf;Fk; Nahrid Koikahdjhf ,y;iy. gpur;idf;F Koikahd jPHitf; $Wtjhf mtuJ Nahrid ,y;iy. gy Kiw Nfl;l gpd;dUk; $l> fl;Lkhdj; jpl;lk; Fwpj;J tpvr;gp jahhpj;Js;s fl;ll tiugl gpujpNah> kidapd; tz;z tiuglg; gpujpNah vk;kplk; jug;gltpy;iy. th[;Ngaplk; uhk[d;k G+kp epah]; nfhLj;jpUf;Fk; thf;Fwjpapd; gpujpAk; vk;kplk; jug;gltpy;iy.

mNahj;jpapy; uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Lk; jpllj;ij cldbahj; njhlq;Ftij me;j Nahrid cWjp nra;fpwJ. Mdhy; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; jPHg;G tUk; tiu fhj;jpUf;FkhW K];ypk;fisf; NfhUfpwJ me;j Nahrid.

fl;Lkhdj; jpl;l tiuglk; ,y;yhky;> uhk[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lis vOj;Jg;G+Ht cWjpnkhop nfhLj;jpUg;gijg; Ghpe;J nfhs;s Kbatpy;iy.

uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Lk; gzpia Nkw;nfhs;s mwf;fl;lisf;F vt;thW chpik fpilj;jJ. uhk[d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lisf;Fk;> tpvr;gpf;Fk;> rq;f ghpthuj;jpd; ,ju mikg;GfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s njhlHG vd;d vd;gJ njspthf;fg;gltpy;iy.

1980 k; Mz;bypUe;J tpvr;gp jhd; me;j ,af;fj;ij elj;jp tUfpd;wJ. Mdhy;> ePjpkd;wj; jPHg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjhf tpvr;gp nfhLj;j cWjp nkhop vJTk; me;j Nahridapy; ,y;iy. vdNt> njhlHe;J ,af;fj;ij elj;jTk; njhz;lHfisj; jpul;lTk; tpvr;gp f;f vt;tpjj; jilAk; ,Ug;gjhfj; njhpatpy;iy.

rq;fg; ghpthu mikg;Gfs; xd;Wld; xd;W njhlHG itj;Jf; nfhz;L nray;gLgit. Mdhy; mj; njhlHGfis mit rhJHakhf kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L> rl;lj;jpd; gpbapy; jg;gpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; rq;fg; ghpthu mikg;Gfs; midj;Jk; tuk;Gf;Fs; nfhz;L tUk; tifapy; me;j Nahridapy; ,y;iy.

rHr;irf;Fhpa epyk; njhlHghf my`hghj; caH ePjpkd;wj;jpy; epYitapy; cs;s tof;fpy; K];ypk;fs; ntw;wp ngw;why;> me;j ,lj;jpy; k#jpiaf; fl;bf; nfhs;s vt;tpjj; jilAk; Vw;gLj;jf; $lhJ vd;w cWjp nkhopNah> cj;Njr uhkH Nfhapypd; fHg;gf; fpufg; gFjp NtW ,lj;Jf;F khw;wg;gLkh vd;gJ gw;wpa cWjpnkhopNah fhQ;rp Rthkpfspd; Nahridapy; mspf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;W K];ypk; rl;l thhpak; jdJ jPHkhdj;jpy; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sJ.

ghgH k#jp eltbf;iff; FO mikg;ghsH iraJ r`hGj;jPd;> ghgH k#jp xUq;fpizg;Gf; Foj; jiytH [/gHahg; [Pyhdp> ,e;jpad; A+dpad; K];ypk; yPf; jiytH [p.vk;.gdhj;thyh> thhpa cWg;gpdHfs; cs;gl RkhH 70 NgHfs; ,f; $l;lj;jpy; fye;J nfhz;ldH.

jpl;lkpl;lgb 15 y; G+kp G+i[ eilngWk;. ehL KOtJk; mNahj;jpahf khWk;.

uhkH nfhapy; fl;Lkhd gzpia njhlq;Ftjw;fhd milahs G+I[ nra;tjw;F `pe;Jf;fSf;F cs;s kj chpikapy; jiyapl ,e;j ehl;by; ahUf;Fk; chpik fpilahJ vd;W ghp\j; nghJr; nrayhsH gputPz; njhfhbah $wpdhH. fhQ;rp Rthkpfs; jiyapl;lij mLj;J gpur;rpidapy; jhq;fs; rpwpJ tpl;Lf; nfhLf;f Kd;te;jjhfTk; mg;gb ,Ug;gpDk;> K];ypk; ez;gHfs; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; nrd;W jq;fSf;F vjpuhf tof;Fj; njhlHe;jpUf;fpd;wdH vd;W mtH nrhd;dhH.

`pe;Jf;fspd; Mjuit xt;nthU ehshf md;wp> xt;nthU kzp NeuKk; th[;ghap muR ,oe;J tUfpd;wJ. fhQ;rp Rthkpfs; rpy jpl;lq;fis Kd; itj;j NghJ> mtw;iw Vw;W muRf;F cjtp nra;jJ ghp\j;. Mdhy;> ghp\j;jpw;F muR cjtp nra;atpy;iy. mNahj;jpf;Fr; nry;y fuNrtfHfSf;Fs;s jilfis muR ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. `pe;Jf;fspd; nghWikf;Fk; xU vy;iy cz;L. rHr;ir ,y;yhj epyj;jpy; elj;jg;gLk; epfo;r;rpfs; Fwpj;Jg; Ngr ve;j K];ypk; ];jhgdj;Jf;Fk; chpik ,y;iy.

,e;j epyg;gFjp njhlHghf ve;j tof;Fk; ,y;iy. K];ypk; ];jhgdq;fs; ,e;j epyj;jpy; jiyapl;L kf;fspd; czHTfisj; J}z;b tplg; ghHf;fpd;wd. ,e;j epyk; rk;ge;jkhf Ngr jFjp cs;stHfs; muR kw;Wk; uhk [d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lis kl;LNk. ,jpy; %d;whtJ jug;G ahUk; ,y;iy. (,e;j ,lk; rk;ge;jkhf tof;FjhuHfs; K];ypk;fSk;> rq;fghpthuq;fSk; ,Uf;f> gputPz; njhfhbahNth> ,e;j tof;fpy; muRk;> `pe;Jf;fSk; jhd; rk;ge;jg;gl;ltHfs; vd;W $wp K];ypk;fspd; chpikfis kWf;fpd;whH)

tUk; 15 k; Njjp mNahj;jpf;F E}w;Wf; fzf;fpy; Mapuf;fzf;fpy; fuNrtfHfs; tUtH. uhkH Nfhapy; fl;Ltij Fwpf;f ehL KotJk; Mq;fhq;Nf Chtyq;fs; elf;Fk;. ehl;by; cs;s xt;nthU ,lKk; mNahj;jpahf khWk;.

G+kp G+I[ mijpahf elf;Fk; #o;epiyia mjpfhhpfs; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. `pe;Jf;fspd; chpikfis kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whH gputPz; njhfhbah.

ghgH k#jp ,af;fj; jiytH ifJ?

mNahj;jpapy; rHr;irf;F cl;glhj gFjpapy; 15 k; Njjpad;W G+kp G+I[ elj;jg; Nghtjhf tp];t ,e;J ghp\j; mwptpj;jpUe;jJ. ,jw;Fg; Nghl;bahf jpy;ypapypUe;J mNahj;jpf;F murpay; rhrdj;ijf; fhf;ff; NfhUk; uj ahj;jpiuia elj;j ghgH k#jp ,af;fk; jpl;lkpl;bUe;jJ. vdNt ,jd; jiytH K`k;kJ A+D]; rpj;jPfp ia Kd;ndr;rhpf;if eltbf;ifahf NghyP]; mtiu fhtypy; itj;Js;sJ. jpy;ypapy; [h`pH efhpYs;s ,y;yj;jpy; rpj;jPfp jq;fpapUe;jhH. rdpf;fpoik es;spuT mtiug; NghyP]hH mioj;Jr; nrd;wdH vd;W ghgH k#jp ,af;f tl;lhuq;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. (ePjpkd;wj; jPHg;ig Vw;f khl;Nlhk;> `pe;Jf;fspd; czHTfspy; jiyapl ahUf;Fk; chpik ,y;iy vd;W $Wk; rq;f ghpthuq;fs; ntspNa Rw;wpf; nfhz;L jphpfpd;whHfs;).

13 khHr; 2002

midtH ftdKk; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; kPJ!

mNahj;jpapy; gpur;rpidf;Fhpa ,lj;Jf;F mUfpy; G+kp G+i[ elj;JtJ vd;W tpRt `pe;J ghp\j; mikg;G vLj;Js;s rHr;irf;Fhpa KbT Fwpj;J> cr;r ePjpkd;wk; Gjd;fpoik  tprhhpf;fpd;wJ. ePjpgjpfs; gp.vd;.fpHghy;> [p.gp.gl;lehaf;> tp.vd;.fNu mlq;fpa ngQ;r; ,t;tprhuizia Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ. cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; xg;Gjy; fpilf;fhky; G+kp G+I[ elj;jNth> gpw tp\aq;fSf;Nfh muR mDkjp juhtJ vd;W gpujkH jpl;ltl;lkhf mwptpj;jpUf;fpd;whH.

G+kp G+I[ elj;jf; $lhJ vd;W tpvr;gp f;F cr;r ePjpkd;wk; cj;jutpl Ntz;Lk; vd;W mij;jpe;jpa K];ypk; jdpr; rl;l thhpak; jdJ kDtpy; NfhhpapUf;fpd;wJ. m];yk; G+Nu vd;gtUk; ,Nj Nfhhpf;ifia typAWj;jp kE jhf;fy; nra;jpUf;fpwhH rHr;irf;Fhpa ,lj;Jf;F mUfpy; G+kp G+I[ elj;JtJ> 1994 y; cr;r ePjpkd;wk mspj;j jPHg;ig kWtjhf mikAk; vd;W ,U jug;ghhpd; kDf;fSk; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. (,Ug;git ,Uf;Fk; tpjj;jpNyNa ,Uf;fl;Lk;. ,Wjpj; jPHg;G tUk; tiu ahUk;> vijAk; khw;wf; $lhJ vd;W cr;r ePjp kd;wk; mj; jPHg;gpy; $wpapUe;jJ).

mNahj;jpapy; uhZtj;ij epWj;j Ntz;Lk;> mNahj;jp efhpy; cs;s fuNrtfHGuj;jpYk; uh[];jhdpd; gpd;l;thuhtpYk; uhkH NfhapYf;fhfj; jahH epiyapy; itj;jpUf;Fk; J}z;fisAk;> fl;Lkhdq;fisAk; khtl;l epHthfk; gwpKjy; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. fuNrtfHGuj;jpYk; gpd;l;thuhtpYk; Mya fl;Lkhdj;Jf;fhfg; nghUs;fis itj;jpUf;Fk; ,lq;fis khtl;l mjpfhhpfs; rPy; itj;J> jq;fs; nghWg;gpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W m];yk; G+Nu jdJ kDtpy; $wpapUf;fpd;whH.

ehl;bd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy; ,Ue;Jk; mNahj;jpf;F tUk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd fuNrtfHfisj; jLj;J epWj;jTk; uhZtj;ij mNahj;jpapy; epWj;jTk; J}z;fisAk; ,ju jsthlq;fisAk; ifg;gw;wTk; ,ilf;fhy cj;juit cr;r ePjpkd;wk; gpwg;gpf;fh tpl;lhy;> 1992 y; ele;jijg; Nghy fytuq;fs; %z;L mg;ghtp kf;fs; caphpof;Fk; Mgj;J ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W mtH jdJ kDtpy; mr;rk; njhptpj;jpUe;jhH.

utPe;jH Fg;jh vd;gtH> uhkiu topgl mNahj;jp nry;y jdf;F mDkjp toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W kD jhf;fy; nra;jpUf;fpwhH. khHr; 7 k; Njjp /ig]hgj;jpypUe;J vd;id tpul;b tpl;L tpl;lhHfs;. ehl;bd; ve;jg; gFjpf;Fk; Rje;jpukhfr; nrd;W tuyhk; vd;w mbg;gil chpikiag; ghjpg;gjhf murpd; ,e;j eltbf;if ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W jdJ kDtpy; mtH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH.

cr;rePjpkd;w Miz mky;gLj;jg;gLk;. c.gp. MseH rh];jphp Ngl;b

mNahj;jp njhlHghf cr;r ePjpkd;wk; mspf;Fk; Miz mky;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,g;gpur;id njhlHghd tprhuizia cr;rePjpkd;wk; Gjd;fpoik tprhhpf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gpur;id Fwpj;J gpujkH vd;d $wpdhH vdf; Nfl;ljw;F> cr;rePjpkd;wj; jPHg;ig kjpj;J mjd;gb elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mtH njhptpj;jjhff; $wpdhH.

G+kp G+I[ elj;jpNa jPUNthk; vd;W tpRt ,e;J ghp\j; $wpAs;sJ Fwpj;Jf; Nfl;ljw;F> Nfhapypy; jhprdk; nra;af; $lhJ vd;W vg;gbf; $w KbAk;. ,d;W kfhrpt uhj;jphp. NfhtpYf;Fr; nrd;W kf;fs; topghL elj;JtH. cq;fshy; mtHfisj; jLj;J epWj;j KbAkh? ,e;Jf;fspd; Kf;fpag; Gdpjj; jsq;fspy; xd;W mNahj;jp. mq;F gf;jHfs; jpde;NjhWk; te;J nfhz;L jhd; ,Ug;gH. tPLfspYk;> Nfhapy;fspYk; flTisj; jhprpf;ff; $lhJ vd;W cr;rePjpkd;wj;jhy; kf;fisj; jLf;f KbAkh? (Nfs;tp G+kp G+i[iag; gw;wpaJ> gjpNyh kf;fs; rptuhj;jphp topghL gw;wpaJ> rptuhj;jphp topghL gw;wpNah> mNahj;jp ,e;Jf;fSf;F Gdpjj;jskh vd;gJ gw;wpNah Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;glhj nghOJ> xU Mseuhf ,Ug;gtH ve;jsT ,e;J ntwpNahL gjpyspj;J ,Uf;fpd;whH vd;gjw;F mtuJ gjpNy rhl;rpakspf;fpd;wJ.)

2000 NgUld; nrd;W Gdpjj; J}iz xg;gilg;Nghk;. jLj;jhy; ifjhNthk;.

mNahj;jpapy; tUk; nts;spf; fpoik rHr;ir ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; Gdpjj; J}iz murplk; xg;gilg;gJ> gpuhHj;jid Mfpad kl;LNk elf;Fk; vd;W tpvr;gp kw;Wk; uhk [d;k G+kp mwf;fl;lisAk; mwptpj;Js;sd.

mNahj;jp : G+kp G+i[f;F K];ypk;fs; xg;Gjy; mspf;f [Nae;jpuH typAWj;jy;

mNahj;jpapy; uhkH Nfhapy; fl;l G+kp G+I[ nra;a K];ypk;fs; gue;j kdg;ghd;ikAld; xg;Gjy; mspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd =[Nae;jpu ru];tjp Rthkpfs; typAWj;jpAs;shH. cr;r ePjpkd;wk; mspj;Js;s ,e;jj; jPHg;G jw;fhypf jPHg;G jhd;. ,e;J kf;fs; ,J Fwpj;J Ntjid mila Ntz;lhk; vd;Wk; mtH $wpdhH. mNj Nghy K];ypk;fSk; jq;fs; kfpo;r;rpiaj; njhptpf;f Ntz;lhk;. ntw;wp> Njhy;tp vd jPHg;igf; fUjj; Njitapy;iy.

G+kp G+i[ vd;gJ rpwpa rlq;F MFk;. [{d; 2 k; Njjpf;Fs; ifafg;gLj;jg;gl;l epyj;ij xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd fhy mtfhrk; je;Js;Nshk;. fle;j 1994 k; Mz;L cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpy; 5 ePjpgjpfs; ,J njhlHghfj; jPHg;gspj;Js;sdH.

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